Chapter 6

Question 1

Early Walking

Answer 1

• Short steps
• Little leg/hip extension
• Flat feet
• Out-toeing
• Wide BOS
• No trunk rotation
• Arms in high guard

Question 2

Proficient Walking

Answer 2

• Longer steps
• Knee extends at heel strike and push-off (double knee-lock pattern)
• Heel-toe
• Less out-toeing
• Narrow BOS
• Pelvic rotation
• Oppositional arm swing

Question 3

Early Running

Answer 3

• Minimal flight
• Short step
• Flat-footed
• Stiff leg swing
• Arms in high/middle guard.

Question 4

Intermediate Running

Answer 4

• Long stride
• Recovery leg flexes to at least a right angle
• Leg action has lateral movements
• Bilateral arm swing OR oppositional arm swing but arms cross center line.

Question 5

Proficient Running

Answer 5

• Long stride
• Recovery leg tucks to swing forward
• Legs go forward/backward (not laterally)
• Opposing arm swing not crossing center line (cheek to cheek)

Question 6

Early Kicking

Answer 6

• No step taken with non-kicking leg
• Kicking leg pushes the ball
• Knee flexed on contact
• No follow-though
• No trunk rotation
• Stationary arms

Question 7

Proficient Kicking

Answer 7

• Preparatory windup: Trunk rotated back, kicking
  leg flexed back, step with opposite leg.
• Sequential movement of kicking leg: thigh rotates
  forward, knee extends, straight leg on contact,
  follow-through.
• Trunk rotation and opposite arm, opposite leg.

Question 8

Stages of Overarm Throwing

Answer 8

Early:
- Mostly arm action, elbow pointed up, throw executed by elbow extension alone, no trunk action, no step.

Intermediate:
- Block rotation of trunk, humerus aligned with trunk but moves independently, shoulder flexion, some forearm lag, homolateral step OR small contralateral step.

Proficient:
- Differentiated rotation, lagging upper arm/forearm, downward/circular backswing, long contralateral step,

Question 9

Stages of Sidearm Striking

Answer 9

Early:
- Chopping motion, racket swung in vertical plane, little leg and trunk movement, no step.

Intermediate:
- Arm swing only, racket swings ahead of the trunk, block rotation, homolateral step OR short contralateral step.

Proficient:
- Sideways preparatory stance, long contralateral step, differentiated trunk rotation, horizontal swing through large range of motion, racket lags behind truck at front facing, sequential movements.

Question 10

Stages of Skipping

Question 11

Stages of Galloping

Question 12

Stages of Hopping

Question 13

Early Jumping (standing long jump)

Answer 13

• Greater vertical component
• One-foot takeoff
• Little preparatory leg flexion
• No arm action
• Arms stay back and brake momentum