Chapter 17 - Motor Learning Flashcards
Movement time?
Complex reaction time?
Strategies to help kids improve memory
1) Rehearsal
2) Labeling
3) Grouping
Fitts and Prosner’s Stages of Motor Learning
1) Cognitive
- Understand how to accomplish movement
- Makes variable/inconsistent errors
2) Associative
- Refining of movement
- Movement requires less attention
- Correcting errors
3) Autonomous
- Action becomes second nature
- Focuses on movement strategy
How does exercise affect memory?
Exercise intervention has a SMALL and POSITIVE effect on memory performance.
Motor learning
Relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience.
Variable practice is most helpful in the ________ stage of learning.
Associative
Steps of a Motor Learning Study
1) Time to learn/acquire a skill
2) Rest
3) Retention test
4) Transfer test
Bernstein’s 3 Stages of Motor Learning
1) Freezing degrees of freedom
- Learner minimizes movement
- Locks unnecessary joints
2) Releasing degrees of freedom
- Learner shows more fluid movements
- Body segments are more coordinated
3) Exploiting degrees of freedom
- Learner exploits reactive forces and passive dynamics
- Movement is efficient and effective
Constant vs. Varied Practice
- Constant practice repeats the same conditions.
- Varied practice uses variations in the practice conditions (distance, size, weight, rules).
Intrinsic Feedback
Comes from body’s internal sensory receptors
Extrinsic Feedback
Comes from an external or supplementary source
Knowledge of Results
Extrinsic feedback on the outcome of a movement
Knowledge of Performance
Extrinsic feedback on how a movement was executed
Simple Reaction Time
The time between the onset of a stimulus and the beginning of a movement response.
