chapter 6

Question 1

vascular dementia

Answer 1

dementia caused by stroke and brain lesions

Question 2

prevalence

Answer 2

-increases steeply with age until at least 90
-higher mortality rates compared to AD
-atherosclerotic disease is major risk factor

Question 3

other risk factors include

Answer 3

-abdominal obesity
-high blood pressure
-diabetes

Question 4

hacinski ischemic scale

Answer 4

-developed to clinically differeniate VaD from AD
-components of HIS include stepwise deteroriation, fluctuating course, hisoty of hypertension, and history of stroke

Question 5

VD can either be in the

Answer 5

-cortical areas (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital)
-subcortical areas (cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus)

Question 6

cortical lesions can cause

Answer 6

-aphasia
-apraxia
-epileptic seizures

Question 7

subcortical lesions can cause

Answer 7

-subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) and symptoms include white matter lesions can cause bradyphrenia (slowness of thought), executive dysfuntions, gaitabnormalatities, urinary incontience, and parkingsonism

Question 8

lacunar states

Answer 8

lesions w/in deep gray matter of subcortical regions

Question 9

binswanger’s disease

Answer 9

lesions w/in white mater of subcortical regions

Question 10

vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)

Answer 10

spectrum of cognitive changes which result from or contribute to vascular lesions of the brain

Question 11

single or multiple cortical infarct dementia

Answer 11

symptoms:
-hemiparesis
-lower facial weakness
-abnormal reflexes (Babinski sign)
-hemianopsia (missing 1 part of visual field)
-dysarthria

Question 12

anterior cerebral artery territory infarction

Answer 12

ACA supply the medial frontal lobe (including supplmentary motor area, cingulate gyrus), inferior frontal surface and part of medial parietal lobes

All cognitive functions

Question 13

middle cerebral artery territory infarction

Answer 13

MCA supply frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions

Language and cognitive functions

Question 14

posterior cerebral artery territory infarction

Answer 14

PCA supplies to regions of temporal and occipital lobes

Visual function

Question 15

ischemic-hypoperfusive vascular dementia

Answer 15

between ACA and MCA or MCA and PCA
-can cause mutism, apathy, and neurological deficits

Question 16

basal ganglia lesions

Answer 16

-lead to movement disorders
-causes fluctuations in alertness, loss of memory

Question 17

thalamic lesions

Answer 17

-left-sided lesions cause language deficits (aphasia)
-right-sided lesions cause visual deficits

Question 18

subcortical vascular dementia

Answer 18

-dementia caused due to ischemic lesions
-prominent deficits in EF, bradyphrenia, and mild memory deficits of retrieval

Question 19

vascular mild cognitive impairment

Answer 19

-most prevalent form of cognitive disorder among people aged 65-84 years old

Question 20

treatment for VaD

Answer 20

-prevention of future strokes by modifying the risk factors