chapter 3

Question 1

cliclincally heteregoenous group

Answer 1

people with MCI may have different levels of functioning; no 2 people with mci are the smae

Question 2

MCI refers to

Answer 2

an incipient neurodegenrative disorder that may lead to dementia. it may coexist with systemic, neurologic, or psychatric disorders that can cause cognitive deficits

Question 3

mci can be confirmed by

Answer 3

brain autopsy

Question 4

prevalence of mci

Answer 4

2-20% in the general population

Question 5

mci is diganosed on the basis of

Answer 5

clinical judgement, informal reports, and neuropsychological tests

Question 6

criteria for diagnosis

Answer 6

-concern regarding change in cognitive compared to prior level
-impairment in one or more cognitive domains
-mild changes in cognition and behavior which interfere with social or occupational funtioning
-complaint from patient or informant
-decline in any area of cognition
-preserved overall function but with some diffiulties in adls
-absence of dementia

Question 7

learning abilities assessment

Answer 7

-free & cues & the selective reminding test
-rey auditory verbal learning test
-

Question 8

episodic memory tests

Answer 8

-delayed recall of a pargraph
-immediate and delayed recall of nonverbal mterials

Question 9

other cognitive assessments

Answer 9

-trail making test (EF)
-boston naming test (attention, memory, naming)
-letter and category fluency test
-figure copying & drawing test (visual attn.)
-digit span test (immediate attn. & working memoy)

Question 10

clinical severity

Answer 10

-individuals w/ more severe memory deficits are more likely to progress to AD earlier than those with less memory
-indivduals with mci-multiple domain are more likely to progress rapidly than those having MCI-single domain

Question 11

medications

Answer 11

-donepezil may be recommended; will not help with transition to AD
-cholinesterase inhibitors have been reported to show benfits with depression

Question 12

amnestic mci (single domain)

Answer 12

-ONLY memory is affected; begins with a memory change

Question 13

symptoms of amnestic mci

Answer 13

subjective memory complaint preferably also supported by an informant
-approx. 10-15% of indviduals with mci develop dmentia in 6 years

Question 14

non-amnestic mci (single domain)

Answer 14

Changes in one cognitive area other than memory
less info available; 3 possible presentations
-dysexecutive
-visuospatial
-language

Question 15

mci multiple cogntive domain

Answer 15

-indivduals with deficits in multiple cognitive domains
-higher prevalence
-higher mortality rates

Question 16

naming and word retrieval

Answer 16

deficits in these areas are more common in the amnestic mci group; very important to assess

Question 17

verbal fluency

Answer 17

can include problems in having conversations, trouble saying without cognitive pauses

Question 18

discourse processing

Answer 18

can have problems in processing lengthy conversations, understanding complex directions

Question 19

hippocampus

Answer 19

retrieves information and memory storage

Question 20

amygdala and medial temporal lobe

Answer 20

makes specific declarative memories distinct

Question 21

parahippocampal gyri

Answer 21

important for declarative memory

Question 22

brocas area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 22

working memory

Question 23

Non-Amnestic Multiple Domain

Answer 23

Changes in 2 or more areas

Question 24

Amnestic Multiple Domain

Answer 24

Changes in memory and at least one other cognitive domain