chapter 10

Question 1

FTD has 3 clinical syndromes:

Answer 1

1) behavioral variant (FTD)
2) semantic dementia (SD)
3) progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA)

Question 2

onset

Answer 2

-earlier onset
-the average onset for FTD is around 50-60 years although 10% have an age at onset of over 70 years

Question 3

early stages of FTD

Answer 3

atrophy and dysfunction in the medial temporal lobes and causing memory deficits and inability to learn new info

Question 4

later stages of FTD

Answer 4

-progression of atrophy to frontal, parietal and occipital lobes which are manifested as social, emotional, and perceptual impairments

Question 5

behavioral FTD dysfunction

Answer 5

-assoc. with symmetrical frontal and anterior temporal dysfunction
-age of onset is 50s

Question 6

core features of bFTD

Answer 6

-insidious onset, gradual progression, deficits in social and personal conduct during the earlier stages,and lack of insight

Question 7

early stages of bFTD symptoms

Answer 7

-negative personality changes
-impaired judgement
-repetitive motor behaviors

Question 8

assessment of bFTD

Answer 8

-case history, neuropsychological testing and social cognition testing

Question 9

treatment

Answer 9

-largely consists of a combo of nonpharmocological and pharmacological measures aimed to reduce the effects of the distressing symptoms
-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat disinhibition and challenging behaviors

Question 10

PPAftd 2 subtypes

Answer 10

-2 subtypes: nonfluent agrammatic variant, logopenic variant

Question 11

diagnostic criteria PPA

Answer 11

progressive aphasia typically predates other behavioral changes by at least 2 years (never had a CVA and gradual onset)

Question 12

deficits in PPA

Answer 12

-possible deficits in memory and reasoning tests
-no problems with recalling daily events and problem solving

Question 13

nfPPA

Answer 13

-2 main features: nonfluent speech and agrammatism
-common characteristics: presence of speech sound errors, prosodic errors, effortful speech and often apraxia, deficits in grammar
-comprehension skills intact for simple sentences, deficits in understanding complex sentences, disfluencies
-possible dyslexia

Question 14

possible areas of damage nfPPA

Answer 14

-atrophy or hypometabolism of left posterior frontoinsular regions

Question 15

assessmets nfPPA

Answer 15

-WAB (WAB-R)
-BDAE

Question 16

treatment nfPPA

Answer 16

-focus on agrammatism, word finding deficits
-possible transition to AAC (in advanced stages)

Question 17

semantic dementia (PPA-S)

Answer 17

-damage to either left or right temporal lobe
-20% of ftd cases
-older age of onset (59 years)
-left side more common

Question 18

features of ppa-s

Answer 18

-impaired confrontation naming and impaired single-word comprehension
-relatively good fluency, grammar, and suyntax

Question 19

affected areas ppa-s

Answer 19

atrophy in the middle and inferior temporal gyri and loss of pyramidal cells in left temporal and frontal lobes

Question 20

right-sided ppa-s

Answer 20

-difficulty recgonizing faces
-predominance of psychiatric features, loss of empathy, atypical depressive features

Question 21

assessments ppa-s

Answer 21

-BNT
-WAB-R

Question 22

treatment ppa-s

Answer 22

naming

Question 23

logopenic ppa (PPA-L)

Answer 23

-slow speech, impaired comprehension of complex syntax, impaired repetition, anomia
-halting anomic quality of spontaneous speech marked by hesitations and paused with simple syntactic sentences

Question 24

affected areas ppa-l

Answer 24

left perisylvian atrophy and neuronal degeneration in cortical layers

Question 25

asssessments ppa-l

Answer 25

-WAB-R
-BDAE
-BNT

Question 26

treatment ppa-l

Answer 26

-word retrieval strategies
-work on repetition of functional phrases and sentences
-AAC in adavanced stages