Chapter 6

Question 1

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 1

The pressure within the vascular system because of the weight of a column of blood.

Question 2

What is transmural pressure?

Answer 2

The pressure exerted on the walls of a vessel

Question 3

What is edema?

Answer 3

Excessive accumulation of fluid in cells, tissue or cavities of the body

Question 4

What is venous valvular insufficiency?

Answer 4

Abnormal retrograde flow in veins.

Question 5

Approximately how much blood does the venous portion of the vascular system hold?

Answer 5

66% to 67% of the total volume of blood.

Question 6

A circular shape in the veins ____________ the resistance.

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

In a 6-foot-tall individual in a standing position, hydrostatic pressure will add approximately how much to the measured pressure at the ankle?

Answer 7

100 mm Hg

Question 8

What is the minimum pressure inside a vein needed to prevent it from collapsing?

Answer 8

5 mm Hg

Question 9

What is the pressure gradient across the capillary bed in an uplifted arm owing to the change in hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 9

40 mm Hg

Question 10

Once a vein has acquired a circular shape, how can the volume of blood in the vessel only change with?

Answer 10

A large increase in pressure

Question 11

When an individual moves from a supine to a standing position, which of the following pressures specific to the venous system increases?

Answer 11

transmural pressure

Question 12

How does the action of the calf muscle pump, under normal circumstances, offset fluid loss in interstitial tissue?

Answer 12

It helps decrease the venous pressure

Question 13

With total or partial thrombosis of proximal major veins of the lower extremities, what action is not unusual for the flow profile from distal nonoccluded veins to do?

Answer 13

To change from phasic to continous

Question 14

Which of the following is essential to ensure the proper functioning of the calf muscle pump under normal conditions?

Answer 14

properly functioning valves

Question 15

How much pressure can be generated by the contraction of an efficient calf muscle pump under normal conditions?

Answer 15

At least 200 mm Hg

Question 16

How are primary varicose veins distinguished from secondary varicose veins?

Answer 16

Develop in the absence of deep venous thrombosis

Question 17

What is a fibrin cuff?

Answer 17

Fibrin accumulation around the capillaries

Question 18

What caused venous distension during pregnancy?

Answer 18

An increased compliance of the veins

Question 19

What does a continuous venous flow profile from veins of the lower extremities mean?

Answer 19

The flow is no longer responsive to pressure changes from respiration

Question 20

What are the major physiology components governing blood flow in the venous system?

Answer 20

Venous capacitance, transmural pressure and hydrostatic pressure

Question 21

Veins are known as the capacitance vessels of the body because they act as a ________________.

Answer 21

Reservoir

Question 22

The cross-sectional area of a distended vein could be ________________ larger than the area of the corresponding artery.

Answer 22

3 to 4 times

Question 23

The fact that veins are usually paired in many area of the body increases the ________________ of the vascular system.

Answer 23

capacitance

Question 24

A major force affecting the venous system is ________________.

Answer 24

hydrostatic pressure