Chapter 13

Question 1

What is thoracic outlet?

Answer 1

The superior opening of the thoracic cavity, which is bordered by the clavicle and first rib. The subclavian artery, subclavian vein, and brachial nerve plexus pass through this opening

Question 2

What is Raynauds syndrome?

Answer 2

A vasospastic disorder of the digital vessels

Question 3

What is Takayasus arteritis?

Answer 3

A form of large vessel vasculitis, resulting in intimal fibrosis and vessel narrowing

Question 4

What is a vasospasm?

Answer 4

A sudden constriction of a blood vessel, which will reduce the lumen and blood flow rate

Question 5

What percentage of extremity peripheral arterial disease do upper extremity arterial diseases represent?

Answer 5

5%

Question 6

What is a dilated segment of the proximal descending aorta which may give rise to the takeoff of an aberrant subclavian artery?

Answer 6

Kommerells diverticulum

Question 7

What are potential consequences of compression of the subclavian artery at the thoracic outlet?

Answer 7

Thrombosis, stenosis and aneurysm

Question 8

Injury of what artery may result in hypothenar hammer syndrome?

Answer 8

The ulnar artery at the wrist

Question 9

Which arteries do the sternal notch window, and the infraclavicular and supraclavicular approaches, all used to visualize?

Answer 9

The subclavian arteries

Question 10

Under normal conditions, what is the flow-velocity range of the arteries in the forearm?

Answer 10

40 to 60 cm/s

Question 11

With what condition are aneurysms of the subclavian arteries often associated?

Answer 11

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 12

What is the landmark that marks the transition from the axillary artery to the brachial artery?

Answer 12

Inferolateral border of the teres major muscle

Question 13

How is primary Raynaud’s syndrome distinguished from secondary Raynaud’s syndrome or Raynaud’s phenomenon?

Answer 13

There are no underlying diseases

Question 14

How is “arterial minor” form of thoracic outlet syndrome defined?

Answer 14

Intermittent compression of the subclavian when arm is raised over head

Question 15

Which condition is associated with significant stenosis or occlusion of arteries of the arm and/or forearm from atherosclerosis?

Answer 15

Diabetes and/or renal failure

Question 16

A 47-year-old male smoker presents to the vascular lab with ulcerations of his fingertips. What disease process should be suspected in this patient?

Answer 16

Buergers disease

Question 17

Which form of arterial inflammation can affect the ophthalmic artery as well as the subclavian or axillary?

Answer 17

Giant cell arteritis

Question 18

What is the most significant difference between giant cell arteritis and Takayasu’s disease when both affect the subclavian artery?

Answer 18

The age of the patient

Question 19

The ________________ artery is the first major branch of the aortic arch and divides into the right common carotid and subclavian arteries.

Answer 19

Innominate or brachiocephalic

Question 20

On the left, the ________________ artery arises directly from the aortic arch in 4% to 6% of patients.

Answer 20

Vertebral

Question 21

The artery resting between the biceps muscle anteriorly and triceps muscle posteriorly is the ________________ artery.

Answer 21

Brachial

Question 22

The artery, which lies deep to the pectoralis major and minor, is the ________________ artery.

Answer 22

Axillary

Question 23

The interosseous artery commonly takes off from the ________________ artery.

Answer 23

Ulnar