Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is potential energy?
The stored or resting energy
In the vascular system what kind of energy is intravascular pressure?
Potential energy
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of work or motion
In the vascular system how is kinetic energy represented?
The velocity of blood flow
What is poiseuilles law?
The law that states the volume flow of a liquid flowing through a vessel is directly proportional to the pressure of the liquid and the fourth power of the radius and is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid and the length of the vessel
What is laminar flow?
Flow of a liquid in which travels smoothly in parallel layers
What is viscosity?
Thickness; the property of a fluid the resist the force tending to cause fluid to flow
What is inertia?
The tendency of a body at rest to stay at rest or a body in motion to stay in motion
Where in the vascular system is the lowest energy represented by the lowest pressure located?
The right atrium
What causes blood in the vascular system to move from one point to the next?
Pressure or energy gradient
In the entire vascular system, how does the cross-sectional area of vessels change?
Increase from the aorta to the capillary level
In the vascular system, what represents the potential difference or voltage in Ohm’s law?
Pressure gradient
Changes in which of the following will most significantly affect resistance in the vascular system?
Radius of vessels
When vessels are arranged in parallel, how does this affect the entire system?
Lower total resistance than when vessels are in series
Which of the following characterizes low-resistance flow?
Antegrade flow
What flow profile is typically demonstrated at the entrance of a vessel?
Plug flow
What is required to move blood flow in a turbulent system?
Pressure greater
What is the function of the hydraulic filter of the arterial system (composed of the elastic arteries and high-resistance arterioles)?
Convert the cardiac output flow to steady flow
In diastole, how is the conversion of potential energy into blood flow accomplished?
Elastic recoil of the arteries
How is the resistance in the arterial system controlled?
By the contraction and relation of the smooth muscle cells in the media of arterioles
Which of the following will result when norepinephrine is released by the sympathetic nervous system?
The contraction of smooth muscle cells in arterioles is triggered
Most prominently, abnormal energy losses in the arterial system would result from pathologies such as obstruction and/or stenoses because of which of the following?
The decrease in the vessels radius
In the human body, the major component of the blood influencing viscosity is ________________.
Hematocrit
The highest pressure in the vascular system (of approximately 120 mm Hg) is found in the ________________.
Left ventricle
When moving farther from the reference point of the right atrium, the hydrostatic pressure ________________.
Increases
The principle stating that the total energy remains constant from one point to another without changes in flow velocity is ________________.
Bernoulli’s principle
Inertia and viscosity are two components of the vascular system contributing to ________________.
Energy losses
In the vascular system, if the volume of blood or flow remains the same, a decrease in the area of a vessel should trigger a(n) ________________ in the velocity of blood.
Increase
The law defined by the statement that the current through two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between them is ________________.
Ohms law
The total resistance in a system where the elements are arranged in series is the ________________ of the individual resistances.
Sum
A low-resistance flow profile characteristically displays ________________ flow throughout the cardiac cycle.
Antegrade
The third antegrade phase seen in a high-resistance flow profile is related to ________________ of the proximal vessels.
Compliance
After exercise, under normal conditions, the resistance of the tissue bed in the lower extremities will change from ________________.
High to low
In laminar flow, the “layers” of cells at the center of the vessel move ________________ than the layers closest to the wall of the vessel.
Faster
Turbulence in a blood vessel is mostly the result of change in the velocity of blood and the ________________ of the vessel.
Radius
The Reynolds number above which turbulence of flow starts to occur is ________________.
2000
What type of vessel demonstrate low resistance wave form?
Internal CCA, renal arteries, splenic arteries or any other arteries that feed an organ
What type of vessel would demonstrate high resistance wave form?
External CCA, brachial artery, subclavian artery, superficial femoral artery or other arteries that travel to the muscular beds
