chapter 6 Flashcards
portrait parle
a verbal description of a perpetrators physical characteristics and dress provided by an eyewitness
anthropometry
a system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body developed by Alphonse bertillon
ridge characteristics (minutiae)
ridge endings bifurcations enclosures and other ridge details which must be matched in order for a common origin to be established
latent fingerprint
print made by the deposit of oils on the fingers, invisible to the naked eye
loop
fingerprint classification of ridge lines that enter one side of the pattern curve around and exit at that same side
whorl
fingerprint classification that includes ridge patterns that are rounded or circular in shape and have two deltas
arch
fingerprint classification of ridge lines that enter the print from one side and flow out the other side
livescan
an inkless device that captures the digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and electronically transmits the images to an AFIS
visible prints
a fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface
plastic print
a fingerprint impressed in a soft surface
iodine fuming
a technique for visualizing latent fingerprints by exposing them to iodine vapors
sublimation
a physical change from the solid to the gas phase
ninhydrin
a chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting with amino acids in perspiration
physical developer
a silver nitrate-based reagent formulated to develop latent fingerprints on porous surfaces
superglue fuming
a technique for visualizing latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces by exposing them to cyanoacrylate vapors
fluoresce
to emit light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength
digital imaging
a process through which a picture is converted into a series of pixels: manipulated by computer software that changes the numerical value of each pixel
pixel
a square electronic dot that is used to compose a digital image
the fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by
edward henry
a permanent scar forms in the skin only when an injury damages the
dermal papillae
___ are a reproduction of friction skin ridges
fingerprints
the three general patterns into which fingerprints are classified are
loops, arches, and whorls
approximately 5% of the world has the ___ fingerprint pattern
arch
the pattern area of the loop is enclosed by two diverging ridges known as___
type lines
if an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges the pattern is classified as
plain whorl
arches ____ type lines, deltas, cores
do not have
the largest category (25%) in the primary classification system is ___
1/1
fingerprints on hard and nonabsorbant surfaces are best developed by the application of ___
dusting powders
___ vapors chemically combine with fatty oils or residual water to visualize a fingerprint
iodine
chemical treatment with ____ visualizes fingerprints on porous articles that may have been wet at one time
physical developer
a chemical technique known as ____ is used to develop latent prints on nonporous surfaces such as metal and plastic
superglue fuming
high intensity light sources known as ___ are effective in developing latent fingerprints
alternate light source
