chapter 4

Question 1

crime scene reconstruction

Answer 1

the method used to support a likely sequence of events at a crime scene by the observation and evaluation of physical evidence and statements made by individuals involved with the incident

Question 2

satellite spatter

Answer 2

small drops of blood that are distributed around the perimeter of a drop or drops of blood and were produced as a result of the blood impacting the target surface

Question 3

angle of impact

Answer 3

the acute angle formed between the path of a blood drop and the surface it contacts

Question 4

impact spatter

Answer 4

a bloodstain pattern produced when an object makes forceful contact with a source of blood projecting drops of blood outwards from the source

Question 5

forward spatter

Answer 5

blood that travels away from the source in the same direction as the force that caused the spatter

Question 6

back spatter

Answer 6

blood directed back towards the source of the force that caused the spatter

Question 7

low-velocity spatter

Answer 7

an impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 5 feet per second or less and producing drops with diameters greater than 3 millimeters

Question 8

medium-velocity spatter

Answer 8

an impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 5 to 25 feet per second and producing drops with diameters between 1 and 3 millimeters

Question 9

high-velocity spatter

Answer 9

an impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 100 feet per second or faster and producing drops with diameters less than 1 millimeter

Question 10

area of convergence

Answer 10

the area of a two-dimensional plane where lines traced through the long axis of several individual bloodstains meet, this approximates where the bloodstains originated

Question 11

area of origin

Answer 11

the location in three-dimensional space from which blood that produced a bloodstain originated: area of convergence and angle of impact are used to determine this

Question 12

drawback effect

Answer 12

when back spatter may strike the gunman and enter the gun muzzle, blood within the muzzle of a gun can “place” the weapon in the vicinity of the gunshot wound

Question 13

cast-off

Answer 13

a bloodstain pattern that is created when blood is flung from a blood bearing object in motion onto a surface

Question 14

arterial spray

Answer 14

a characteristic blood stain pattern containing spurts that resulted from blood exiting under pressure from an arterial injury

Question 15

expirated blood pattern

Answer 15

a pattern created by the blood that is expelled out of the nose, mouth

Question 16

void

Answer 16

an area within a deposited spatter pattern that is clear of spatter caused by an object or person blocking the area at the time of the spatters deposition

Question 17

transfer pattern

Answer 17

a bloodstain pattern created when a surface that carries wet blood comes in contact with a second surface

Question 18

flow

Answer 18

a bloodstain pattern formed by the movement of small or large amounts of blood as a result of gravity pull

Question 19

skeletonization

Answer 19

the process by which the edges of a stain dry to the surface in a specific period of time, remains apparent even after the rest of the bloodstain has been disturbed from its original position

Question 20

drip trail pattern

Answer 20

a pattern of bloodstains formed by the dripping of blood off a moving surface or person in a recognizable pathway separate from other patterns