chapter 1

Question 1

forensic science

Answer 1

the application of science to law

Question 2

criminalistics

Answer 2

sub division of forensics that looks at the collection and analysis of physical evidence during criminal activity

Question 3

CSI effect

Answer 3

growth in forensic science from TV shows

Question 4

locard exchange principle

Answer 4

when a person comes into contact with an object or person a cross-transfer of materials occurs

Question 5

physical science unit

Answer 5

using principles of science to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence

Question 6

biology unit

Answer 6

they perform DNA profiling on bodily fluids and hair, and identify botanical materials

Question 7

firearms unit

Answer 7

examines firearms and ammunition of all types

Question 8

document examination unit

Answer 8

studies handwriting and typewriting on questioned documents to determine the authenticity

Question 9

photography unit

Answer 9

examines and records physical evidence

Question 10

toxicology unit

Answer 10

examines organs and bodily fluids for the presence of drugs and poison

Question 11

latent fingerprint unit

Answer 11

processes and examines evidence for latent fingerprints

Question 12

polygraph unit

Answer 12

lie detector test

Question 13

voiceprint analysis unit

Answer 13

use a sound spectrograph to tie a voice with a suspect

Question 14

CSI unit

Answer 14

go to a crime scene and collect and preserve physical evidence

Question 15

scientific method

Answer 15

process that uses strict guidelines to ensure careful and systematic collection, organization, and analysis of information

Question 16

Frye vs U.S.

Answer 16

1923 case that set the standard for what can be admissable in court as evidence, it has to be generally accepted

Question 17

daubert vs. merrell dow pharmaceuticals

Answer 17

a 1993 case that set the standard for what scientific testimony can be admissable as evidence in court, appointed judge as gatekeeper

Question 18

kumho tire co. vs. carmichael

Answer 18

a 1999 case that ruled that the gatekeeping role of the judge applied to all expert testimony in the court

Question 19

expert witness

Answer 19

an individual whom the court determines to possess knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average person

Question 20

melendez-diaz vs. massachusetts

Answer 20

2009 supreme court case addressed the practice of using affidavits in lieu of in-person testimony

Question 21

forensic psychiatry

Answer 21

they determine if someone is competent enough to make their own decisions or if they are competent to stand trial

Question 22

forensic odontology

Answer 22

using teeth to help identify victims

Question 23

forensic engineering

Answer 23

work in failure analysis, accident reconstruction, causes and origins of fires and explosions

Question 24

forensic computer and digital analysis

Answer 24

identification, preservation, and examination of information derived from computers

Question 25

one of the first functional crime laboratories was formed in lyons france under the jurisdiction of

Answer 25

edmond locard

Question 26

the first forensic laboratory in the U.S. was created in 1923 by the

Answer 26

los angeles police department

Question 27

four important federal agencies offering forensic services are

Answer 27

the FBI, the DEA, the Bureau of ATFE, and the U.S. postal inspection service

Question 28

coppolino vs. state

Answer 28

a florida case that exemplifies the flexibility and wide discretion that the trial judge only to scientific testimony