chapter 2 Flashcards
physical evidence
any object that can establish that a crime has or has not been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator
rough sketch
a draft representation of all essential information and measurements at a crime scene, drawn at crime scene
finished sketch
a precise rendering of the crime scene usually drawn to scale
strip or line search pattern
start at the boundary at one end, walk straight through to the other side, and move a little down and walk straight back to the other side
grid search pattern
two people performing line searches that originate from adjacent corners and form perpendicular lines
spiral search pattern
one person, they move at in inward spiral from outside in, or an outward spiral from inside out
wheel or ray search pattern
several people starting at the edges of the boundary and walking inwards or from the center straight outwards
quadrant or zone search pattern
divides the scene in zones and team members are assigned to each section
chain of custody
a list of all people who came into possession of an item of evidence
standard/reference sample
physical evidence whose origin is known such as fibers or hair from a suspect that can be compared to crime scene evidence
buccal swab
a swab of the inner portion of the cheek, usually collected to determine the DNA profile of the individual
substrate control
uncontaminated surface material close to an area where physical evidence has been deposited
mincey vs arizona
a 1978 case where the supreme court restricted the practice of conducting a warrantless search at a homicide scene
michigan vs tyler
a 1978 case where the supreme court dealt with search and seizure procedures at an arson scene
at a crime scene first priority should be given to obtaining ___ for individuals in need of it
medical assistance
even though no authorized personnel are admitted to the scene an accurate ___ must be kept of those who do enter and exit the scene
log
three methods for recording the crime scene
notes, sketches, and photography
the crime scene notes should include a precise record of personnel movements in and out of the scene starting with the
first responders
true or false: the value of crime-scene photographs lies in their ability to show the layout of the scene position of witnesses and their relation to people to one another in the scene
false
a digital camera captures light on a light-sensitive
microchip
the succession of photographs taken at a crime scene is ___ first and ___ last
overview, close up
to ensure that their digital images will be admissable many jurisdictions have developed or are developing ___ for the use of digital photography
strict protocol
true or false: an ordinary mailing envelope is considered a good general purpose evidence container
false
