Chapter 6 Flashcards
Two ways to measure policing effectiveness
Clearance rates and crime rates
Clearance rates
The number of incidents that are reported that result in the identification of a suspect in preportion to reported incidents
Crime rates
The amount of crimes reported
Crime displacement
When criminals move from one area to another due to crime prevention tactics
A model of policing that is reactive and focuses on deterring crime through fear
Professional model
Three R’s of professional model
rapid response, random patrol and reactive investigation
Problem with the professional model
Doesn’t address the reason for crime and not everyone feels safer with increased police presense
A model of policing where police officers are part of the community and work together to solve problems that lead to crime.
Community policing
3 p’s of community policing
problem solving, partnership, and prevention
Problems with community policing
Each program depends on the community and some communities are unwilling to participate
A model of policing that engages the community while still creating the fear of committing a crime.
Community Strategic
Technology that finds trends in crime and gathers intelligence
crime analytics
Deployment of police relies on information found in crime maps
Intelligence-led policing
Increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of police by having supervisiors be accountable for intelligence
Compstat (computer statistics)
The use of statistical analysis to predict future crimes
Predictive policing
Programs that identify opportunities for crimes and alter the conditions to deter crime
Primary crime prevention
Programs that focus on helping communities from being victims of crime and from becoming criminals
Secondary crime prevention
Programs that help people from reoffending or falling back into negative circumstances
Tertiary crime prevention
Indigenous communities programs
These programs should be tailored to the specific community and made in collaboration, but sometimes due to previous history, communities refuse to engage.
Issues with crime prevention programs
- community is not aware of the programs
- people who participate are in low risk areas
The response strategy relies on being hard on minor crimes so they don’t develop into more severe crimes.
Broken windows
The response strategy of being aggressive about order maintenance will reduce the likelyhood of more serious crimes
Zero tolerance
Broken window issues
Over reacting to minor crimes and increasing public fear.
Zero tolerance issue
Increase of random stops causing racial profiling
The policing strategy of addressing reoccurring problems that lead to crime.
Problem-Oriented policing
Issue with problem-oriented policing
Takes a lot of time to find problem and address it.
Having a large police presense in an area that is considered high crime.
Tactical-Directed patrol
Police patroling targeting people who are likely to be offenders, but this can cause racial profiling
Targeting high-risk offenders
Response to mental health calls
Treated the same as a robbery, arrests, many police to one call
History of mental health calls
Due to decriminalization of mental health issues, funding was moved away from mental health and there are less services to provide support
Unfounded cases
Many police reports by women about sexual assault or the missing and murdered indigenous women are often unsolved or not investigated
Excessive force, abusive searchers, and degradation often occurs when police interact with …
women
Unconscious stereotypes
implicit bias
