Chapter 6 Flashcards
Refers to a whole group of people formedby unrelated individuals.
Aggregate
Refers to the condition of powerlessness, estrangement or dissociation from the workplace and or society.
Alienation
Is the power, knowledge, information and popularity gained as a result of the bonding that occurs between homogeneous individuals.
Bonding social capital
Involves networking withindividuals who are heterogeneous.
Bridging social capital
Is a major mechanism and principle that can manage formal organizations more efficiently and rationally.
Bureaucracy
Is the tendency of bureaucracy to perpetuate itself and take on a life of its own; it can serve to prevent organizations from making beneficial changes.
Bureaucratic inertia
Refers to the spread of bureaucratic principles to a wide range of organizations, especially rational/quantitative methods for achieving efficiency.
Bureaucratization
Refers to a class or division of peopleregarded as having shared characteristics.
Category
Is the process of widening one’s social network via social media on the Internet.
Cyberspace networking
Refers to the transformation from high-skilled labor to semiskilled or deskilled labor through the use of technology.
Deskilling
Is a large, structured, secondary group. It is purposefully created to achieve specific goals.
Formal organization
Refers to the transparent mechanism (like a glass ceiling) that prevents women orminority members from moving up in an organization.
Glass ceiling effect
Refers to the original goal beingdisplaced by something else.
Goal displacement
Refers to behavior that yields to other group members when they are the majority, or have more power, money and prestige.
Group conformity
Refers to the phenomenon in which group members try to minimize conflicts and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation.
Group think
Is a pure form or an abstract model of the
characteristics of a phenomenon such as a bureaucracy
Ideal type
Refers to bending rules and informal ways of getting things done in organizations.
Informal organization structure
Refers to the “people like us” (PLUS) orour “us” vs. “them” feelings.
In-groups
Means that an organization’s power is concentrated in the hands of a few at the top.
Iron law of oligarchy
Refers to the business model derived from the McDonald’s fast-food chain that focuses on efficiency, calculability, predictability and control.
McDonalization
Refers to technical training that is too narrow and specialized, leading to a lack of general capability.
Trained incapacity
Is a detailed management style resulting from a strict division of labor.
Micromanagament
Is an approach used to widen one’s social network, cultivate relationships and know more people
Networking
Are structured secondary groups that have been deliberately created to achieve specific goals efficiently.
Organizations
Refer to the people who don’t belong tothe “us” categories.
Out-groups
Are groups that are small, informal and personal.
Primary groups
Is the process by which society becomes increasingly dominated by regulation, standardization and bureaucratization.
Rationalization
Are the groups to which we compare ourselves.
Reference group
Refers to the certain tasks in organizations that are routine; no one questions the reasons behind them.
Routinization
Are groups that are usually large in size; they are usually formal, impersonal and utilitarian
Secondary groups
Refers to the connections amongpeople that cause social cohesion.
Social captial
Are groups with a common goal; group members know each other by name and have long-term interactions.
Social groups
Refers to our social positions in a society.
Social identity
Are the connections or relationships we have with other people.
Social networks
Refer to the original goals or mission statement of an organization.
Superordinate goals
Is the hiring or promoting of a minority member to a position to fill a quota.
Tokenism
