Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

interference pattern

A

when light passes through two closely spaced slits

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2
Q

constructive interference

A

result of adding waves that are in phase

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3
Q

destructive interference

A

result of adding waves that are out of phase

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4
Q

speed of light (c)

A

3.00e8 m/s

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5
Q

speed of light equation

A

c = (wavelength)(frequency)
- (wavelength) = meters
- (frequency) = s^-1

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6
Q

blackbody radiation

A

when a solid is heated, it emits electromagnetic radiation over a wide range of wavelengths

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7
Q

Max Planck

A

suggested that radiant energy is only emitted or absorbed in discrete quantities or bundles

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8
Q

quantum (of energy)

A

smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted (or absorbed)

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9
Q

quantum theory formula

A

E = h(nu)
- E = energy in Joules
- nu = frequency
- h = Planck’s constant = 6.63e-34 Jxs

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10
Q

photoelectric effect

A

Einstein; electrons are ejected from the surface of a metal exposed to light of a certain threshold frequency

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11
Q

photons

A

Einstein proposed; light is a stream of particles

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12
Q

photon quantum theory equation

A

Photon = h(nu)
- where nu is at the threshold frequency

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13
Q

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

A

it is impossible to know simultaneously both the momentum and the position of a particle with certainty

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14
Q

Heisenberg uncertainty principle formula

A

(delta)x x (delta)p >= h/4(pi)
- (delta)x = uncertainty in position in meters
- (delta)p = uncertainty in momentum (mass x velocity)

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15
Q

Planck’s constant

A

6.63e-34 Jxs

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16
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers

17
Q

Electron configuration

A

describes how the electrons are distributed in the atomic orbitals

18
Q

Aufbau principle

A

electrons are added to the lowest energy orbitals first before moving to higher energy orbitals

19
Q

Bohr’s Theory of the hydrogen atom

A

All wavelengths of visible light are present in the emission spectra of sun light and a heated solid

20
Q

Line spectra

A

emission of light only at specific wavelengths

21
Q

Bohr showed that the energies of the electron in a hydrogen atom are given by the equation

A

En = -2.18x10^18J(1/n^2)

22
Q

Lowest energy state (n=1)

A

ground state

23
Q

The stability of the electron decreases…

A

as n increases

24
Q

n>1

A

excited state

25
Q

Louis De Broglie

A

if light can behave like a
stream of particles (photons), then electrons could exhibit
wavelike properties.

26
Q

According to deBroglie, electrons behave like

A

standing waves

27
Q

The particle and wave properties are related by the
following expression:

A

lambda = h/mu
- m = mass (kg)
- u - velocity (m/s)

28
Q

Quantum numbers describe

A

the distribution of electron
density in an atom

29
Q

Principal quantum number

A

(n) - specifies size

30
Q

Angular moment quantum number

A

(l) - specifies shape

31
Q

Magnetic quantum number

A

(ml) - specifies orientation

32
Q

s orbitals

A

spherical

33
Q

p orbitals

A

hourglass shaped

34
Q

d orbitals

A

two hourglasses

35
Q

f orbitals

A

christmas lights

36
Q

electron spin quantum number

A

(ms) - used to specify an electrons spin
- either +1/2 or -1/2