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CHM 111 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the Atomic Theory of Matter

A

John Dalton

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2
Q

What does the Atomic Theory of Matter state?

A

Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms

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3
Q

are atoms created/destroyed in a chemical reaction?

A

No atoms are created or destroyed or broken apart, but are rearranged to produce new compounds

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4
Q

true or false, atoms of one element are the same as atoms from another element

A

false

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5
Q

true or false, all atoms of a given element are identical, having the same size, mass, and chemical properties

A

true

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6
Q

atoms contain… and are…

A

atoms contain negatively charged electrons and are neutral

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7
Q

Alpha rays

A

positively charged, heavy

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8
Q

Beta rays

A

negatively charged, light

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9
Q

Gamma rays

A

no charge, very high energy waves

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10
Q

Who created the planetary model?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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11
Q

The Planetary Model highlights…

A
  • positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus
  • nucleus accounts for most of an atoms mass
  • typical nucleus has a radius of about 5x10^-3 pm
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12
Q

mass number (top)

A

of protons + neutrons

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13
Q

atomic number (bottom)

A

of protons

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14
Q

1 amu =

A

1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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15
Q

periodic table - horizontal rows

A

periods

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16
Q

periodic table - vertical columns

A

groups/families

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17
Q

molecule

A

a combination of at least 2 atoms held together by chemical bonds

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18
Q

diatomic molecules

A

contain two atoms and may either be hereronuclear or homonuclear

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19
Q

polyatomic molecules

A

contain more than two atoms

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20
Q

chemical formula denotes…

A

the composition of a substance

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21
Q

molecular formula denotes…

A

the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule

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22
Q

structural formula shows…

A

the elemental composition and the general arrangements

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23
Q

naming molecular compounds

A

name the first element, then name the second and change its ending to -ide
ex. HCl = hydrogen chloride

24
Q

what did Ernest Rutherford do?

A

used alpha ray particles to study the atoms in gold foil

25
Q

protons

A

positively charged particles in the nucleus

26
Q

neutrons

A

electronically neutral particles in the nucleus

27
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged, distributed around the nucleus

28
Q

atomic weight on the periodic table…

A

represents the average mass of the naturally occurring mixture of isotopes

29
Q

Acid

A

a substance that produced hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

30
Q

organic compounds

A

contain carbon and hydrogen, sometimes in combination with other atoms

31
Q

hydrocarbons

A

contain only carbon and hydrogen

32
Q

molecular formulas

A

the exact number of each type of element in a compound

33
Q

empirical formulas

A

the simplest ratio of elements in a compound

34
Q

atomic ion/monatomic ion

A

consists of just one atoms with a positive or negative charge

35
Q

cations

A

formed by the loss of one or more electrons from an atom

36
Q

cation charge?

A

positive

37
Q

Anions

A

formed by the gain of one or more electrons to an atom

38
Q

anion charge?

A

negative

39
Q

monatomic anion naming

A

named by changing the ending of the element’s name to -ide
Ex. Cl is chloride

40
Q

Fe2+

A

ferrous ion

41
Q

Fe3+

A

ferric ion

42
Q

polyatomic ions

A

consist of a combination of two or more atoms

43
Q

formulas for ionic compounds are generally…

A

empirical formulas

44
Q

ionic compounds are…

A

electronically neutral

45
Q

the sum of the charges on the cation and anion in each formula must be…

A

zero

46
Q

naming ionic compounds

A

name the cation, omit. word ion. use Roman numeral if the cation can have more than one charge; name the anion, omit the word ion

47
Q

oxoanions

A

polyatomic anions that contain one or more oxygen atoms and one atom of another element

48
Q

the ion with one more O atom than the -ate ion is called…

A

Per…ate anion
Ex. ClO3 is chlorate, ClO4 is perchlorate

49
Q

the ion with one less O atom than the -ate anion is called the…

A

-ite ion
Ex. ClO2 is chlorite

50
Q

The ion with two fewer O atoms than the -ate ion is called…

A

hypo…ite ion
Ex. (ClO- is hypochlorite)

51
Q

Oxoacids are acids that contain…

A

oxoanions

52
Q

an acid based on the -ate ion is called…

A

-ic acid
Ex. HClO3 is chloric acid

53
Q

an acid based on the -ite ion is called…

A

-ous acid
Ex. HClO2 is chlorous acid

54
Q

true or false, prefixes in the oxyanion names are retained in the name of the acid.

A

True
Ex. CHlO is hypochlorous acid

55
Q

Hydrates

A

compounds with a specific number of water molecules within their solid structure

CHM 111 (27 decks)

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