Chapter 2

Question 1

Who created the Atomic Theory of Matter

Answer 1

John Dalton

Question 2

What does the Atomic Theory of Matter state?

Answer 2

Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms

Question 3

are atoms created/destroyed in a chemical reaction?

Answer 3

No atoms are created or destroyed or broken apart, but are rearranged to produce new compounds

Question 4

true or false, atoms of one element are the same as atoms from another element

Answer 4

false

Question 5

true or false, all atoms of a given element are identical, having the same size, mass, and chemical properties

Answer 5

true

Question 6

atoms contain… and are…

Answer 6

atoms contain negatively charged electrons and are neutral

Question 7

Alpha rays

Answer 7

positively charged, heavy

Question 8

Beta rays

Answer 8

negatively charged, light

Question 9

Gamma rays

Answer 9

no charge, very high energy waves

Question 10

Who created the planetary model?

Answer 10

Ernest Rutherford

Question 11

The Planetary Model highlights…

Answer 11

• positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus
• nucleus accounts for most of an atoms mass
• typical nucleus has a radius of about 5x10^-3 pm

Question 12

mass number (top)

Answer 12

of protons + neutrons

Question 13

atomic number (bottom)

Answer 13

of protons

Question 14

1 amu =

Answer 14

1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 15

periodic table - horizontal rows

Answer 15

periods

Question 16

periodic table - vertical columns

Answer 16

groups/families

Question 17

molecule

Answer 17

a combination of at least 2 atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 18

diatomic molecules

Answer 18

contain two atoms and may either be hereronuclear or homonuclear

Question 19

polyatomic molecules

Answer 19

contain more than two atoms

Question 20

chemical formula denotes…

Answer 20

the composition of a substance

Question 21

molecular formula denotes…

Answer 21

the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 22

structural formula shows…

Answer 22

the elemental composition and the general arrangements

Question 23

naming molecular compounds

Answer 23

name the first element, then name the second and change its ending to -ide
ex. HCl = hydrogen chloride

Question 24

what did Ernest Rutherford do?

Answer 24

used alpha ray particles to study the atoms in gold foil

Question 25

protons

Answer 25

positively charged particles in the nucleus

Question 26

neutrons

Answer 26

electronically neutral particles in the nucleus

Question 27

electrons

Answer 27

negatively charged, distributed around the nucleus

Question 28

atomic weight on the periodic table...

Answer 28

represents the average mass of the naturally occurring mixture of isotopes

Question 29

Acid

Answer 29

a substance that produced hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

Question 30

organic compounds

Answer 30

contain carbon and hydrogen, sometimes in combination with other atoms

Question 31

hydrocarbons

Answer 31

contain only carbon and hydrogen

Question 32

molecular formulas

Answer 32

the exact number of each type of element in a compound

Question 33

empirical formulas

Answer 33

the simplest ratio of elements in a compound

Question 34

atomic ion/monatomic ion

Answer 34

consists of just one atoms with a positive or negative charge

Question 35

cations

Answer 35

formed by the loss of one or more electrons from an atom

Question 36

cation charge?

Answer 36

positive

Question 37

Anions

Answer 37

formed by the gain of one or more electrons to an atom

Question 38

anion charge?

Answer 38

negative

Question 39

monatomic anion naming

Answer 39

named by changing the ending of the element's name to -ide Ex. Cl is chloride

Question 40

Fe2+

Answer 40

ferrous ion

Question 41

Fe3+

Answer 41

ferric ion

Question 42

polyatomic ions

Answer 42

consist of a combination of two or more atoms

Question 43

formulas for ionic compounds are generally...

Answer 43

empirical formulas

Question 44

ionic compounds are...

Answer 44

electronically neutral

Question 45

the sum of the charges on the cation and anion in each formula must be...

Answer 45

zero

Question 46

naming ionic compounds

Answer 46

name the cation, omit. word ion. use Roman numeral if the cation can have more than one charge; name the anion, omit the word ion

Question 47

oxoanions

Answer 47

polyatomic anions that contain one or more oxygen atoms and one atom of another element

Question 48

the ion with one more O atom than the -ate ion is called...

Answer 48

Per...ate anion Ex. ClO3 is chlorate, ClO4 is perchlorate

Question 49

the ion with one less O atom than the -ate anion is called the...

Answer 49

-ite ion Ex. ClO2 is chlorite

Question 50

The ion with two fewer O atoms than the -ate ion is called...

Answer 50

hypo...ite ion Ex. (ClO- is hypochlorite)

Question 51

Oxoacids are acids that contain...

Answer 51

oxoanions

Question 52

an acid based on the -ate ion is called...

Answer 52

-ic acid Ex. HClO3 is chloric acid

Question 53

an acid based on the -ite ion is called...

Answer 53

-ous acid Ex. HClO2 is chlorous acid

Question 54

true or false, prefixes in the oxyanion names are retained in the name of the acid.

Answer 54

True Ex. CHlO is hypochlorous acid

Question 55

Hydrates

Answer 55

compounds with a specific number of water molecules within their solid structure