Chapter 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

John Dalton created…

A

Atomic Theory of Matter

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2
Q

elements are composed of…

A

atoms

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3
Q

atoms are…

A

extremely small particles

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4
Q

all atoms of an element are…

A

identical

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5
Q

the atoms of one element are…

A

different from the atom of another element

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6
Q

Alpha rays

A

positively charged, heavy

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7
Q

Beta rays

A

negatively charged, light

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8
Q

Gamma rays

A

no charge; very high energy waves

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9
Q

Ernest ruthorford

A

Used alpha particles to study the atoms in gold foil

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10
Q

Who created the Planetary Model?

A

Ernest Ruthorford

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11
Q

Planetary model states…

A

= positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus
= the nucleus account for most of an atom’s mass

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12
Q

Protons

A

positively charged particles in the nucleus

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13
Q

Neutrons

A

electronically neutral particles in the nucleus

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14
Q

Electrons

A

negatively charged, distributed around the nucleus

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15
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus

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16
Q

Mass number

A

total number of protons and neutrons

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17
Q

Isotopes of an element…

A

have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

18
Q

horizontal rows on periodic table

A

periods

19
Q

vertical columns on periodic table

A

groups/families

20
Q

metals

A

good conductors of heat and electricity

21
Q

nonmetals

A

poor conductors of heat or electricity

22
Q

metalloids

A

intermediate properties of metals and nonmetals

23
Q

molecule

A

combo of 2+ atoms w/ chemical bonds

24
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

contain two atoms

25
Q

polyatomic molecules

A

contain more than 2 atoms

26
Q

chemical formula

A

denotes the composition of a substance

27
Q

molecular formula

A

denotes the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule

28
Q

Binary molecular compounds nomenclature

A

name first element, change second ending to =ide
= ex. hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide

29
Q

Acid

A

substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

30
Q

Acid nomenclature

A

remove =gen from hydrogen, change =ide to =ic on second element

31
Q

empirical formula

A

the simplest ratio of elements in a compound

32
Q

Cation

A

loss of 1+ electron, have positive charge

33
Q

Anion

A

gain of 1+ electron, have negative charge

34
Q

monatomic ion

A

one atom with a positive or negative charge

35
Q

monatomic ion nomenclature

A

change ending to =ide

36
Q

Oxoanions

A

polyatomic anions that contain 1+ oxygen atoms and one atom of another element

37
Q

Oxoacids

A

acids that contain oxoanions

38
Q

when ion has one more O atom than the =ate ion…

A

its called the per…ate ion

39
Q

when ion has one less O atom than the =ate ion,

A

its called the =ite ion

40
Q

when ion has two less O atoms than the =ate ion

A

its called the hypo…ite ion

41
Q

acid based on the =ate ion is called

A

…ic acid

42
Q

acid based on the =ite ion is called

A

..ous acid