Chapter 6

Question 1

more electronegative

Answer 1

atomic orbitals are lower in energy

Question 2

bonding orbitals

Answer 2

constructive interference, lower in energy than original, in-phase (positives line up with positives)

Question 3

anti bonding orbitals

Answer 3

destructive interference, higher in energy than original, out-of-phase (positive lines up with negative)

Question 4

number of orbitals combined equals _____

Answer 4

number of hybridized orbitals

Question 5

hybrid orbitals

Answer 5

minimize energy of molecule by maximizing overlap in a bond, they are overlaps of atomic orbitals

Question 6

atoms in molecule that can hybridize

Answer 6

interior, central

Question 7

sigma bond

Answer 7

head on overlap of 2 orbitals, on the bonding axis, no nodes

Question 8

pi bond

Answer 8

side-on overlap of orbitals, s and hybrid orbitals cannot create pi bonds, electron density above and below bonding axis, node along the bonding axis

Question 9

atoms that are singly bonded can

Answer 9

rotate to find minimum potential energy

Question 10

atoms with pi bonds are

Answer 10

locked, cannot rotate, pi bond must break for rotation

Question 11

isomers

Answer 11

molecules with same chemical formula, different 3D arrangements of atoms, different properties (boiling point, dipole moment, etc)

Question 12

geometric isomers

Answer 12

cis and trans, different in arrangement with respect to a double bond, ring, or another rigid structure

Question 13

delocalization

Answer 13

spreading electrons out, giving them more room, stabilizes the molecule

Question 14

molecular orbital theory

Answer 14

molecular orbitals are delocalized over the whole molecule

Question 15

the number of molecular orbitals formed is equal to ____

Answer 15

number of atomic orbitals combined

Question 16

positive bond order

Answer 16

bond forms

Question 17

negative bond order

Answer 17

bond does not form

Question 18

bond order

Answer 18

(electrons in bonding-electrons in antibonding)/2

Question 19

bond order equals 1

Answer 19

single bond

Question 20

molecular orbital order for B2

Answer 20

sigma*
pi*

sigma
pi

Question 21

molecular orbital order for C2

Answer 21

sigma*
pi*

sigma
pi

Question 22

molecular orbital order for N2

Answer 22

sigma*
pi*

sigma
pi

Question 23

molecular orbital order for O2

Answer 23

sigma*
pi*

pi
sigma

Question 24

molecular orbital order for F2

Answer 24

sigma*
pi*

pi
sigma

Question 25

molecular orbital order for Ne2

Answer 25

sigma*
pi*

pi
sigma

Question 26

orbital mixing is greater in ___

Answer 26

B,C,N

Question 27

lower energy atomic orbital (more EN) makes a ____

Answer 27

greater contribution to the bonding molecular orbital of the molecule

Question 28

higher energy atomic orbital (less EN) makes a ____

Answer 28

greater contribution to the anti-bonding molecular orbital of the molecule