Chapter 3

Question 1

Van der Waals Radius

Answer 1

measure distance between 2 neighboring non-bonded atoms

Question 2

Covalent Radius or Bonding Atomic Radius

Answer 2

non metals: 1/2 distance between 2 bonded atoms
metals: 1/2 distance between two atoms in crystal lattice

Question 3

Trend in Atomic Radii

Answer 3

increases down a group, decreases across a period (transition metals stay about the same), bottom left corner is the highest

Question 4

Aufbau Principle

Answer 4

fill orbital from lowest to highest energy

Question 5

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 5

no more than 2 electrons may occupy a single orbital

Question 6

Hund’s Rule

Answer 6

when electrons fill degenerate orbitals, they fill them singly first with parallel spins

Question 7

Cr

Answer 7

[Ar]4s1 3d5

Question 8

Mo

Answer 8

[Kr]5s1 4d5

Question 9

Cu

Answer 9

[Ar]4s1 3d10

Question 10

Ag

Answer 10

[Kr]5s1 4d10

Question 11

Isoelectronic

Answer 11

atoms with the same electron configuration

Question 12

Coulomb’s Law

Answer 12

describes the attractions and repulsions between any 2 charged particles

Question 12

Transition Metals

Answer 12

most lose electrons, but don’t necessarily attain Noble Gas configuration

Question 13

Nonmetals create -3 and -4 ions

Answer 13

P3-, N3-, C4-

Question 14

Main Group Metals

Answer 14

tend to lose electrons to obtain noble gas configuration

Question 15

Main Group Non-metals

Answer 15

tend to gain electrons to obtain Noble Gas configuration

Question 16

Inert

Answer 16

unreactive

Question 17

Shielding

Answer 17

shielded electrons feel a reduced attractive force

Question 18

Penetration

Answer 18

electron penetrates into the region occupied by inner (core) electrons, found at maxima on Radial Distribution Function

Question 19

Trend in electronegativity

Answer 19

increases across a row, decreases down a column, how badly it wants another electron

Question 20

Paramagnetic

Answer 20

at least one unpaired electron, attracted to a magnetic field

Question 21

Diamagnetic

Answer 21

no unpaired electrons, not attracted to a magnetic field, might even be repulsed by it

Question 22

Cation size

Answer 22

smaller than parent

Question 23

Anion size

Answer 23

larger than parent

Question 24

endothermic

Answer 24

energy require, IE

Question 25

exothermic

Answer 25

energy released, EA

Question 26

1st IE

Answer 26

decreases down a column, increases across a row, BUT LOOK AT CONFIGURATION

Question 27

EA

Answer 27

increases (becomes more negative) across a period

Question 28

Highest EA in any period

Answer 28

halogen

Question 29

Metallic character

Answer 29

decreases across a period, increases down a group