Chapter 6

Question 1

a simple and versatile graphic format for summarizing behavioral data; shares most of the line graph’s features except that it does not have distinct data points representing successive response measures through time.

Answer 1

Bar Graph

Question 2

• a type of graph on which the cumulative number of responses emitted is represented on the vertical axis; the steeper the slope of the data path, the greater the response rate.

Answer 2

Cumulative Record

Question 3

a device that automatically draws cumulative records (graphs) that show the rate or response in real time; each time a response is emitted, a pen moves upward across the paper that continuously moves at a constant speed.

Answer 3

Cumulative recorder

Question 4

the result of measurement, usually in quantifiable form, in applied behavioral analysis, it refers to measure of some quantifiable dimension of a behavior. The word data is the plural form of datum.

Answer 4

Data

Question 5

the level and trend of behavior between successive data points; created by drawing a straight line from the center of each data point in a given data set to the center of the next data point in the same set.

Answer 5

Data path

Question 6

the measured behavior in an experiment to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the dependent variable; in ABA it represents some measure of a socially significant behavior.

Answer 6

Dependent Variable

Question 7

a scale in which equal distances on the axis represent equal absolute amounts of the variable plotted on the axis (e.g. behavior change on an equal-interval vertical axis)

Answer 7

Equal- interval scale

Question 8

• a visual format for displaying data; reveals relations among and between a series of measurements and relevant variables.

Answer 8

Graph

Question 9

the variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes in the independent variable produce reliable changes in the dependent variable. In ABA it is usually an environmental event or condition antecedent or consequent to the dependent variable.

Answer 9

Independent Variable

Question 10

the value on the vertical axis around which a series of behavioral measures converge.

Answer 10

Level

Question 11

• based on a cartesian plane, a two-dimensional area formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines. Any point within the plane represents a specific relation between the two dimensions described by the intersecting lines. It is the most common graphic format for displaying data in ABA.

Answer 11

Line graph

Question 12

the average rate of response during a smaller period of time within a larger period for which an overall response rate has been given.

Answer 12

Local response rate

Question 13

the rate of response over a given time period.

Answer 13

Overall response rate

Question 14

an instructional approach that involves

a) Pinpointing the skills to be learned
b) Measuring initial frequency or rate per minute at which the student can perform those skills
c) Setting an aim, or goal, for the child’s improvement
d) Using direct, daily measurement to monitor progress made under an instructional program
e) Charting the results of those measurements on a Standard Celeration Chart
f) Changing the program if progress is not adequate.

Answer 14

Precision teaching

Question 15

a scale in which equal distances on a graph’s axis correspond to equal ratios of change in the variable plotted on the axis

Answer 15

Ratio scale

Question 16

a two-dimensional graph that shows the relative distribution of individual measures in a data set with respect to the variables depicted by the x and y axes. Data points on a scatterplot are not connected.

Answer 16

Scatterplot

Question 17

a line drawn through a series of graphed data points that shows the overall trend in the data; drawn through the intersections of the vertical and horizontal middles of each half of the charted data and then adjusted up or down so that half of all data points fall on or above and half fall on or below the line.

Answer 17

Split-middle line of progress-

Question 18

a multiply-divide chart with six base-10 cycles on the vertical axis that can accommodate response rates as low as 1 per 24 hours (0.000695 per minute) to as high as 1000 per minute. It enables the standardized charting of celeration, a factor by which rate of behavior multiplies or divides per unit of time.

Answer 18

Standard celeration chart

Question 19

the overall direction taken by a data path. It is described in terms of direction (increasing, decreasing, or zero trend), degree (gradual or steep), and the extent of variability of data points around the trend. Trend is used in predicting future measures of the behavior under unchanging conditions.

Answer 19

Trend

Question 20

the frequency and extent to which multiple measures of behavior yield different outcomes.

Answer 20

Variability

Question 21

a systematic approach for interpreting the results of behavioral research and treatment programs that entails visual inspection of graphed data for level, trend, and variability within and between experimental conditions.

Answer 21

Visual analysis