Chapter 16 Flashcards
a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object or event whose reinforcing effectiveness depends on the same motivating operation. For example, food ingestion abates (decreased the current frequency of) behavior such as opening the fridge that has been reinforced by food.
Abative effect
a motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a results of food ingestion.
Abolishing Operation (AO)-
Either (a) an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event, called and evocative effect or (B) a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event, called an abative effect. For example, the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced with food, such as opening a fridge, is evoked (increased) or abated (decreased) by food deprivation or food ingestion respectively.
Behavior-altering effect
a motivating operation whose value-altering effects depends on a learning history. For example, because of the relation between locked doors and keys, having to open a locked door is a CMO that makes keys more effective reinforcers, and evokes behavior that has obtained such keys.
Conditioned motivating operation (CMO)-
a motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object or event as a reinforcer. For example, food deprivation establishes food as an effective reinforcer.
Establishing Operation (EO)-
an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event whose reinforcing effectiveness depends on the same motivating operation. For example, food deprivation evokes (increases the current frequency of) behavior such as opening the fridge that has been reinforced by food.
Evocative effect
a change in an organisms repertoire of MO,s stimulus, and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, an extinction procedure or a recovery from punishment procedure. Respondent function- altering effects result from the pairing and unpairing of antecedent stimuli.
Function-altering effect
an environmental variable that, (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.
Motivating Operation (MO
a stimulus that acquired MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening of improvement. It is exemplified by the warning stimulus in a typical escape- avoidance procedure, which establishes its own offset as reinforcement and evokes all behavior that has accomplished that offset.
Reflexive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-R
a decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. For example, food deprivation establishes (increases) the reinforcing effectiveness of food.
Reinforcer-abolishing effect
a stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.
Surrogate Conditioned motivating operation (CMO-S)-
an environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus.
Transitive Conditioned motivating operation (CMO-T)-
a motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history. For example, food deprivation increases the reinforcing effectiveness of food without the necessity of any learning history.
Unconditioned motivating operation (UMO)-
- two kinds: (a) the occurrence alone of a stimulus that acquired its functioning by being paired with an already effective stimulus or (b) the occurrence of a stimulus in the absence as well as in the presence of the effective stimulus. Both kinds of unpairing undo the result of the pairing; the occurrence alone of the stimulus that became a conditioned reinforcer; and the occurrence of the unconditioned reinforcer in the absence as well as in the presence of the conditioned reinforcer.
MO unpairing
either (a) an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event, in which case the MO is an establishing operation (EO) or (b) a decrease in reinforcing effectiveness, in which case the MO is an abolishing operation (AO). For example, reinforcing effectiveness of food is altered as ma result of food deprivation and food ingestion.
Value-altering effect
