Chapter 22

Question 1

a term popularized by Pyor (1999) for shaping behavior using conditioned reinforcement in the form of an auditory stimulus. A handheld device produces a click sound when pressed. The trainer pairs other forms of reinforcement (e.g. edible treats) with the click sound so that the sound becomes a conditioned reinforcer.

Answer 1

Clicker training

Question 2

reinforcing only those responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion, along some dimension (s) (i.e frequency, topography, duration, latency, or magnitude) and placing all other responses on extinction.

Answer 2

Differential Reinforcement

Question 3

Phenomenon in which diverse and novel forms of behavior are sometimes observed during the extinction process.

Answer 3

Extinction-Induced Variability

Question 4

a behavior change produced by differential reinforcement; reinforced members of the current response class occur with greater frequency, and unreinforced members occur less frequently (undergo extinction); the overall result is the emergence of a new response class.

Answer 4

Response Differentiation

Question 5

Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior. Members of an existing response class are selected for differential reinforcement because they more closely resemble the terminal behavior.

Answer 5

Shaping

Question 6

The sequence of new response classes that emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement; each successive response class is closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces.

Answer 6

Successive Approximations