Chapter 5B Flashcards
What is an acquired brain injury?
An acquired brain injury refers to all types of brain injuries that occur after birth.
What are the two main types of acquired brain injuries?
Traumatic brain injury – caused by an external force.
Non-traumatic brain injury – caused by internal factors.
What is a traumatic brain injury?
Damage to the brain caused by an external force.
What are common causes of traumatic brain injuries?
Falls
Assaults
Vehicle accidents
Sports injuries
What are common causes of non-traumatic brain injuries?
Stroke
Aneurysm
Tumour
Substance abuse
What is a non-traumatic brain injury?
Damage to the brain caused by internal factors, such as a lack of oxygen or a tumour.
How does brain injury impact functioning?
The impact depends on the area of the brain that is damaged, affecting biological, psychological, and social functioning.
How can a brain injury lead to seizures?
Scars from brain injury can produce sudden abnormal electrical disturbances in the brain.
What aspects of biological functioning can be affected by a brain injury?
Behaviour
Organ function
Cellular and neuronal function
When can seizures occur after a brain injury?
They can occur immediately or even years later.
How can brain injury affect movement?
Injury to certain brain areas can lead to paralysis, as the brain cannot send motor neural messages to skeletal muscles.
How does brain injury affect the sense of smell?
Damage to olfactory pathways can cause:
Temporary or permanent loss of smell
Loss of some smells
Increased sensitivity to certain smells
What are the three main areas of psychological functioning affected by brain injury?
Cognition
Behaviour
Emotion
What personality changes can occur due to brain injury?
Impulsivity
Irritability
Emotional instability
How can brain injury cause memory loss?
Damage to the hippocampus can cause:
Short-term memory loss
Long-term memory loss
Complete amnesia
How can brain injury increase susceptibility to mental health disorders?
Dysfunction in brain regions can induce or worsen mental health disorders.
What mental health disorders can be triggered by brain injury?
Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
Substance abuse
How can brain injury affect job productivity?
It can lead to:
Reduced concentration
Reduced physical mobility
Increased fatigue
How can brain injury affect social support?
Withdrawal from social gatherings
Difficulty maintaining relationships
Increased risk of mental health issues
How can brain injury lead to antisocial behavior?
Lower self-esteem
Increased loneliness
Aggressive and/or antisocial behavior
