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Bio 1306 Exam 1 > Chapter 55 > Flashcards

Chapter 55 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does energy flow through the ecosystem?

A

One way, from producers upwards

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2
Q

How do chemicals flow through the ecosystem?

A

Cycle back and forth

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3
Q

What does chemical cycling look like?

A

Plants absorb chemicals from the soil and air, which get passed onto herbivores, who pass them onto carnivores and to the soil.

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4
Q

Does all life depend on the sun?

A

No!

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5
Q

What do plants use chemicals for?

A

Making organic food

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6
Q

Do all ecosystems have energy flow and chemical cycling?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are emergent properties?

A

Properties that arise from interactions between parts of a system (like how parts of a bicycle don’t get you anywhere unless you put them together)

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8
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

The first law of thermodynamics- Energy can’t be created or destroyed, just transferred or transformed

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9
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

Every exchange of energy increases the enthalpy of the universe when energy is lost as heat

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10
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass? How does it relate to ecology?

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed, but elements can be cycled and gained or lost by ecosystems. We can make a budget tracking the flow of elements going in and out of ecosystems.

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11
Q

What is primary production?

A

The amount of light energy autotrophs convert into chemical energy during a certain period

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12
Q

What is the total primary production equal to?

A

The gross primary production (ACTUALLY DOUBLE CHECK)

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13
Q

What is the formula for net primary production?

A

Gross primary production- (respiration of autotrophs)

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14
Q

What is gross primary production?

A

Total amount of organic matter produced by autotrophs through photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is net primary production?

A

Amount of organic matter produced by autotrophs that consumers are able to use in an ecosystem

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16
Q

What is NEP?

A

Total biomass accumulated by an ecosystem, GPP

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17
Q

What affects primary production?

A

Climactic factors

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18
Q

What is the global energy budget limited by?

A

The amount of radiation that enters the earth’s atmosphere each day

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19
Q

What is the formula for Net Ecosystem Production?

A

NEP= GPP-RT (Gross primary production-total respiration of ecosystem)

20
Q

Why is NEP useful to ecologists?

A

Determines whether ecosystem is gaining or losing carbon over time (gaining or losing biomass)

21
Q

What is primary production in ecosystems limited by?

A

Light and nutrients (nutrients is the bigger one)

22
Q

What is light limited by?

A

Depth

23
Q

What is nutrient limitation?

A

Nutrient whose lack of abundance limits the amount of growth in an ecosystem

24
Q

What are (usually) the limiting nutrients in saltwater areas?

A

Nitrogen and phosphorous

25
Q

What are (usually) the limiting nutrients in lakes?

A

Phosphorous

26
Q

What is primary production in terrestrial ecosystems limited by?

A

Temperature and moisture, but nutrients as well

27
Q

What is the typical amount of energy transferred between trophic levels?

A

10%

28
Q

What is secondary production?

A

Food energy that consumers convert to biomass

29
Q

What is the formula for production efficiency?

A

Net secondary production (100%)/Assimilation of primary production

30
Q

What is trophic efficiency?

A

The amount of energy transferred to each level

31
Q

Why do inverted biomass pyramids form?

A

Primary producers are produced and consumed so quickly their biomass remains low relative to primary consumers

32
Q

What plays a big role in the rate of chemical cycling?

A

Decomposers

33
Q

What is a biogeochemical cycle?

A

A diagram that summarizes the movment of elements between living and nonliving components of the biosphere.

34
Q

LOOK AT ONE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE

A
35
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

A place where stuff is kept

36
Q

How doe s matter change from one reservior to another?

A

Biological, chemical, or geological processes that

37
Q

ADD stuff for water cycle

A

Where are thigns omving to/from and what are the processes that get them ehtere?

38
Q

ADD stuff for Carbon Cycle

A

WHERE ARe things moving to/from and what are the processes that get them there?

39
Q

ADD stuff for nitrogen cycle

A
40
Q

What is the only form of Nitrogen animals can use?

A

Organic

41
Q

What is the main reservoir of phosphorous?

A

Rocks

42
Q

What is the main reservoir of nitrogen?

A

The atmosphere

43
Q

What is restoration ecology?

A

The process of speeding up recovery of environmental damage

44
Q

How can phosphorous get into ecosystems?

A

Weathering of rocks

45
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

A strategy used by restoration ecologists using organisms (prokaryotes, fungi, plants) to detoxify polluted ecosystems

46
Q

What is biological augmentation?

A

A strategy used by restoration ecologists using organisms to add critical materials to a damaged ecosystem

47
Q

Review final figure in chapter

A

Main ideas: Populations are dynamic, species interact in diverse ways, organisms transfer matter and energy in ecosystems

Bio 1306 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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