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Bio 1306 Exam 1 > Chapter 52 > Flashcards

Chapter 52 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the seasons caused by?

A

Earth’s revolution

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2
Q

How does the earth’s tilt relate to temperature?

A

The earth’s tilt is constant, which means different hemispheres experience different temperatures

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3
Q

How do oceans affect the climeate?

A

They heat and cool air masses that pass through the land

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4
Q

What effect do large bodies of water have on land? What does this process look like?

A

Moderate temperature- Cool air flows inland from the ocean.

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5
Q

What scale does vegetation affect climate on? How?

A

Local/regional- Absorbs solar energy, which increases photosynthesis and transpiration

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6
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The release of water from leaves by diffusion to the surrounding air

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7
Q

What is increased transpiration linked to?

A

More water in the atmosphere, cooling surface temperatures and increasing precipitation

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8
Q

How does deforestation affect the climate?

A

Decreases solar radiation, transpiration, and photosynthesis. Less H2O in atmosphere, higher temp, less precipitation

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9
Q

Microclimate

A

Localized set of conditions

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10
Q

What are terrestrial biomes characterized by?

A

Vegetation

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11
Q

What are aquatic biomes characterized by?

A

Physizal environment

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12
Q

What are terrestrial biomed controlled by?

A

Climate and disturbance

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13
Q

What is a climograph? What doesn’t it take into account?

A

A plot of the annual mean temperature and precipitation (doesn’t take pattern into account)

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14
Q

What is disturbance?

A

Change in a community that alters resource availability (fire, drought, etc).

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15
Q

Is disturbance always bad?

A

No, some biomes depend on it (EG periodic burning)

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16
Q

How are aquatic zones layered?

A

Physically /chemically

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17
Q

What is the photic zone?

A

Part of the water with light

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18
Q

What is the aphotic zone?

A

Part of the water without light

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19
Q

What is the benthic zone?

A

Bottom of all aquatic zones, comprising the surface of the bottom and some sub-surface layers

20
Q

What is the abyssal zone?

A

The deepest part of the oceans, located in the aphotic zone. Made of sand and organic/inorganic sediments

21
Q

What is the difference between the benthic and abyssal zones?

A

The abyssal zone is only in the deep ocean, and the benthic zone is found in both deep and shallow water

22
Q

What causes water to mix in the upper and lower layers of bodies of water?

A

Temperature difference

23
Q

How does seasonal turnover work?

A

Heat gradient creates a thermocline (section of abrupt temperature change), and the upper and lower layers mix.

24
Q

What does seasonal turnover look like in the spring?

A

Warm water mixes with cold water, bringing oxygen to the bottom and nutrients to the surface.

25
Q

Why does seasonal turnover happen in spring?

A
26
Q

Why does seasonal turnover happen in the fall?

A

Surface cools, causing water to mix

27
Q

What does seasonal turnover look like in the fall?

A

Surface cools, surface water sinks to the bottom remixing water until the surface freezes over.

28
Q

Why does seasonal turnover happen at all?

A

Density differences in different water temperatures

29
Q

How are aquatic biomes usually classified?

A

Relating to light penetration, temperature, and community structure

30
Q

How is distribution of organisms determined?

A

Biotic (pollinators, disease, predators)/abiotic factors (temperature, water availability)

And dispersal

31
Q

What is dispersal?

A

The spread of gametes/organisms

32
Q

What is adaptive radiation?

A

Rapid evolution into new species that fill many ecological niches

33
Q

What are transplants?

A

The transportation of a species to another area to see if they could live somewhere else

34
Q

What is an example of how biotic factors determine distribution?

A

How # of sea urchins relate to seaweed cover (More urchins=less seaweed)

35
Q

Are abiotic factors physical or chemical?

A

Can be both

36
Q

Is an organism’s range fixed?

A

No, it can change if it needs to

37
Q

How are ecological change and evolution related? What is an example?

A

Both can cause each other, predators causing natural selection in prey populations

38
Q

What are some characteristics of the tundra?

A

Covers the arctic, typically little precipitation. Cold climate, small plants, large grazers/predators

39
Q

What are some characteristics in temperate broadleaf forests?

A

Midlatitudes in Northern hemisphere, widely varying precipitation (70-200+ cm), cold winters and humid and hot summers. Vertically layered vegitation, mostly trees. Mammals, migratory birds, and insects.

40
Q

What are some traits of the Northern Coniferous forest?

A

North America and Eurasia –> edge of tundra, little precipitation, wide temp range, conebearing trees, migratory birds, moose, brown bears, siberian tigers, insects

41
Q

What are some traits of temperate grassland?

A

South Aftica, South America, Africa, Asia, North America. Seasonal precipitation, prone to drought, 30-100 cm/year. Cooler climate. Vegetation is mostly grasses and forbs, animals are large grazers and burrowing mammals

42
Q

What are some characteristics of chaparall?

A

Midlatitude coastal region, little but seasonal precipitation, hot summers, cool fall/winter/spring, shrubs/small trees, grazers, small mammals, amphibians, birds, reptiles

43
Q

What are some characteristics of tropical forest?

A

Equatorial/subequatorial regions, heavy rainfall (lighter in dry forests, also seasonal w/ 6-7 month dry season), high temps year round, vertically layered tropical forests, insects, spiders, birds, mammals, arthropods. EXTREME biodiversity.

44
Q

What are some characteristics of desert?

A

Occur in bands 30 degrees north and south of the equator or in interior of continents. Very low precipitation, low, widely scattered vegetation, snakes, lizards, insects, many nocturnal species

45
Q

What are some characteristics of savanna?

A

Equatorial/subequatorial regions, 30-50 cm rain a year w/ dry and rainy season, warm year round. Trees are thorny with small leaves, fire resistant. Grasses and forbs grow quickly after rain. Large mammals and insects

46
Q

What are some characteristics of Temperate broadleaf forest?

A

Midlatitudes in Northern Hemisphere, smaller areas in Southern Hemisphere, 70-200 cm precipitation. Cold winters, hot and humid summers. Vertically layered forest, mammals, migratory birds, insects.

Bio 1306 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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