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Bio 1306 Exam 1 > Chapter 54 > Flashcards

Chapter 54 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are foundational species?

A

Species that are large and abundant (EG coral reefs) that provide food and shelter

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2
Q

What are keystone species?

A

Species that aren’t abundant, but important.

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3
Q

What are the 3 main types of interactions?

A

Competition, exploitation, positive

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4
Q

How does competition work for organisms?

A

-/-

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5
Q

How does exploitation work for organisms?

A

+/-

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6
Q

How do positive interactions work for organisms?

A

+/+ or +/0

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7
Q

What are some examples of disturbances? What do they do?

A

Heatwaves, storms. Can remove orgaisms/alter resource availability

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8
Q

What does competition usually target?

A

Limited resources

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9
Q

What is competitive exclusion?

A

The idea that 2 species competing for the same limited resource can’t coexist permanently in the same place.

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10
Q

What is an ecologica niche?

A

The exact role an organism plays in its environment/how it fits into the ecosystem

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11
Q

What is a community?

A

Group of species living together

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12
Q

What are community structures?

A

How species interact and their abundance

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13
Q

What is resource partitioning?

A

Division of resources by different species

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14
Q

What does resource partitioning come from?

A

Adaptations and natural selection from evolution

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15
Q

What are fundamental and realized niches?

A

Role that a species can play vs role it’s currently playing (EG total capacity for habitat range vs current habitat, could be limited by other species)

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16
Q

What is character displacement?

A

Something that varies slightly among similar species that causes different use of resouces (EG beak depth)

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17
Q

How can character displacement drive evolution?

A

Different organisms are better or worse adapted to different resource harvesting

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18
Q

What are some examples of exploitation?

A

Predation, herbivory, parisitism

19
Q

What are some defensive adaptations?

A

Warning coloration, camouflage, mimicry

20
Q

What is batesian mimicry?

A

Mimicking dangerous species

21
Q

What is mullerian mimicry?

A

Mimicking species that don’t taste good

22
Q

What are some suptypes of positive interactions?

A

Obligatory, commensalism

23
Q

What are obligatory interactions?

A

Required for 1/both to live (EG micorbiome, pollinators, coral reefs)

24
Q

What is commensalism?

A

Good for one, neutral for another. EG cattle egrets following cattle and eating insects they stir up

25
Q

How do species relate to biodiversity?

A

Some species drive biodiversity on their own without any obvious reason

26
Q

How can you measure species diversity?

A

Relative abundance, species richness

27
Q

What is relative abundance?

A

Distribution of species

28
Q

What is species richness?

A

Number of species

29
Q

What is greater diversity linked to?

A

Higher productivity, higher resistance to disturbance

30
Q

What is the shannon diversity index? How is it interpreted?

A

A value measuring the diversity of a community- Higher value=more diverse

31
Q

What is a trophic structure?

A

Who eats who- general term (ACTUALLY ADD MORE DETAIL OR ELSE. DO IT.)

32
Q

What are the levels in a trophic structure?

A

Quaternary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Secondary consumer
Primary consumer
Primary producer

33
Q

What is a food web?

A

Who eats who (whole community)

34
Q

How is a food web distinct from trophic structures?

A

Food web names names and is like a lot of connected trophic structures

35
Q

What is the energetic hypothesis?

A

The idea that food chains are limited by the amount of energy that can be transferred by an organism

36
Q

What happens if a trophic structure is impacted from the bottom up?

A

Species above it are impacted (EG if primary production is impacted) (EDIT FOR CLARITY)

37
Q

What happens if a trophic structure is impacted from the top down?

A

No predation, lower levels unchecked and grow

38
Q

Are most communities in equilibrium?

A

No

39
Q

What is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis?

A

Intermediate disturbance causes greater species diversity than just high or low levels

40
Q

What are some biogeographic factors that help determine species diversity?

A

Latitude (Tropics usually have > species) and area (Large areas usually have > species)

41
Q

How is species richness correlated with evapotranspiraton?

A

More evapotranspiration=more species richness

42
Q

What is evapotranspiration?

A

A function of solar radiation, temperature, and water availability

43
Q

What is the island equilibrium model?

A

A model showing how number of species on an island is correlated to island size and distance from mainland (big islands close to mainland have more) (EDIT TO BE EXTRA SURE)

44
Q

How are smaller populations linked to survival rate?

A

Smaller populations may not be big enough to survive

Bio 1306 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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