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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5.3 (final) > Flashcards

Chapter 5.3 (final) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is an antihypertensive?

A

drug that reduces high BP

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2
Q

define chronic

A

lasting a long time

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3
Q

What is hemodialysis?

A

use of a kidney machine to filter blood waste

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4
Q

define hypertension

A

high BP

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5
Q

define hypotension

A

low BP

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6
Q

What is renal failure?

A

kidneys no longer function

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7
Q

What is insulin?

A

hormone produced by the pancreas

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8
Q

define polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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9
Q

define polyuria

A

excessive urination

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10
Q

What is type 1 DM?

A

lack of insulin in the body and patients need injections of insulin

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11
Q

define acute

A

sharp, sudden, and intense for a short time

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12
Q

define aura

A

strange sensation before more definite symptoms of illness

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13
Q

define cephalgia

A

headache

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14
Q

define dilation

A

widening

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15
Q

define frontal

A

pertaining to the front, anterior

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16
Q

define migraine

A

attack of headache, usually on one side of the head

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17
Q

define nausea

A

unpleasant sensation in the upper abdomen often leading to vomiting

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18
Q

define unilateral

A

pertaining to one side

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19
Q

define vasoconstrictor

A

drug that narrows blood vessels

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20
Q

treatment by operation or manual (hand) methods=

A

surgery

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21
Q

diagnosis of adult disorders and treatment with drugs =

A

internal medicine

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22
Q

diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the mind =

A

psychiatry

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23
Q

primary care of all family members on a continuing basis =

A

family practice

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24
Q

diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders =

A

dermatology

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25
Q

diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders=

A

ophthalmology

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26
Q

diagnosis of disease using x rays =

A

radiology

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27
Q

diagnosis and treatment of children’s disorders=

A

pediatrics

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28
Q

care of patients that requires immediate action =

A

emergency medicine

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29
Q

administration of agents that cause loss of sensation=

A

anesthesiology

30
Q

diagnosis of disease by examining cells and tissues=

A

pathology

31
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

local widening of an artery caused by weakness or breakdown in the arterial wall

32
Q

define angina

A

chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart

33
Q

define arrhythmia

A

abnormal heartbeat (rhythm)

34
Q

define atherosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries with a collection of cholesterol like plaque

35
Q

define hypertension

A

high BP

36
Q

define myocardial infarction

A

heart attack

37
Q

define cholelithiasis

A

abnormal condition of gallstones

38
Q

define colonic polyposis

A

condition in which polyps protrude from the mucus membrane lining the colon

39
Q

define gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

back flow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus

40
Q

define acromegaly

A

enlargement of the extremities caused by hyper-secretion from the pituitary gland

41
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A

a disorder of the pancreas that causes an increase in blood glucose levels

type 1 DM= usually childhood onset, involves complete deficiency of insulin in the body

type 2 DM= usually adult onset, involves some insulin deficiency

42
Q

define amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual flow

43
Q

define dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstrual flow

44
Q

define ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy that is not in the uterus, usually occurring in the fallopian tube

45
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

tissue from the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) occurs abnormally in other pelvic or abdominal locations (fallopian tubes, ovaries, or peritoneum)

46
Q

What is benign prostatic hypertrophy?

A

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland

47
Q

What is cryptorchism?

A

condition of undescended testicle (not in the scrotal sac at birth)

48
Q

define hydrocele

A

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

49
Q

hydr/o=

A

water

50
Q

-cele =

A

hernia (bulging or swelling)

51
Q

define varicocele

A

enlarged, swollen veins near a testicle

52
Q

varic/o=

A

swollen veins

53
Q

What is asphyxia?

A

extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with increase of CO2 leads to LOC or death

54
Q

define atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

55
Q

atel/o=

A

incomplete

56
Q

-ecstasis=

A

dilation or expansion

57
Q

define hemoptysis

A

spitting up blood

58
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

inflammation and infection of the alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory rxn

59
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

decrease in bone density with thinning and weakening of bone

60
Q

-porosis=

A

containing passages or spaces

61
Q

What is muscular dystrophy?

A

an inherited disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers

62
Q

define hemiplegia

A

paralysis that affects the right or left half of the body

63
Q

define meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

64
Q

define paraplegia

A

paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body

65
Q

define syncope

A

fainting, sudden and temporary LOC as a result of inadequate blood flow to the brain

66
Q

define alopecia

A

absence of hair from areas where it normally grows (baldness)

67
Q

define conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

68
Q

define tinnitus

A

abnormal noise (ringing, buzzing) sound in the ears

69
Q

define anuria

A

abnormal condition of no urine production

70
Q

define glycosuria

A

abnormal condition of glucose in the urine

71
Q

define nephrolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the kidney

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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