Chapter 53

Question 0

Host

Answer 0

An individual that houses a parasite that consumes small amounts of tissue or nutrients from it

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

All the species that interact with each other in a certain area.

Question 2

Competition

Answer 2

The interaction of two species or two individuals trying to use the same limited resource. May occur between individuals of the same species or different species.

Question 3

Predation

Answer 3

The killing and eating of one organism (the prey) by another (the predator).

Question 4

Primary succession

Answer 4

The gradual colonization of a habitat of bare rock or gravel, usually after an environmental disturbance that removes all soil and previous organisms.

Question 5

Coevolutionary arms race

Answer 5

A series of adaptations and counter adaptations observed in species that interact closely over time and affect each other’s fitness.

Question 6

Predator

Answer 6

Any organism that kills other organisms for food.

Question 7

Secondary succession

Answer 7

Grail colonization of a habitat after an environment disturbance (fire, windstorm, logging) that removes some or all previous organisms but leaves the soil intact.

Question 8

Commensalism

Answer 8

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the commensal) benefits and the other (the host) is not harmed.

Question 9

Intraspecific competition

Answer 9

Competition between members of the same species for the same limited resource.

Question 10

Interspecific competition

Answer 10

Competition between members of different species for the same limited resource.

Question 11

Pioneering species

Answer 11

Those species that appear first in recently disturbed areas.

Question 12

Niche

Answer 12

The particular set of habitat requirements of a certain species and the role the species plays in its ecosystem.

Question 13

Mimicry

Answer 13

A phenomenon in which one species has evolved to look or sound like another species.

Question 14

Competitive exclusion

Answer 14

The principle that two species cannot coexist in the same ecological niche in the same area because one species will out-compete the other.

Question 15

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 15

A type of mimicry in which two harmful species resemble each other.

Question 16

Tolerance

Answer 16

The phenomenon in which early arriving species do not affect the probability that subsequent species will become established.

Question 17

Batesian mimicry

Answer 17

A type of mimicry in which a harmless or palatable species resembles a dangerous or poisonous species.

Question 18

Asymmetric competition

Answer 18

Ecological competition between two species in which one species suffers a much greater fitness decline than the other.

Question 19

Symmetric competition

Answer 19

Ecological competition between two species in which both suffer similar declines in fitness.

Question 20

Species richness

Answer 20

The number of species present in a given ecological community.

Question 21

Fundamental niche

Answer 21

The ecological space that a species occupies in its habitat in the absence of competitors.

Question 22

Species diversity

Answer 22

The variety and relative abundance of the species present in a given ecological community.

Question 23

Realized niche

Answer 23

The ecological niche that a species occupies in the presence of competitors.

Question 24

Parasite

Answer 24

An organism that lives on or in a host species and that damages it’s host.

Question 25

Parasitism

Answer 25

A symbiotic relationship between two organisms that is beneficial to one organism but detrimental to the other.

Question 26

Mutualism

Answer 26

A symbiotic relationship between two organisms that benefits both.

Question 27

Keystone species.

Answer 27

A species that has an exceptionally great impact on the other species in its ecosystem relative to its abundance.

Question 28

Consumption

Answer 28

Predation or herbivory.

Question 29

Climax community

Answer 29

The stable, final community that develops from ecological succession.

Question 30

Herbivore

Answer 30

An animal that eats primarily plants and rarely or never eats meat.