Chapter 51

Question 0

Innate behavior

Answer 0

Behavior that is inherited genetically, does not have to be learned and is typical of the species

Question 1

Behavior

Answer 1

Any action by an organism

Question 2

Altruism

Answer 2

Any behavior that has a cost to the individual such as lowering survival or reproduction and a benefit to the recipient.

Question 3

Circadian clock

Answer 3

And internal mechanism found most organisms that regulate many body processes in a roughly 24 hour cycle

Question 4

Communication

Answer 4

In ecology, any process in which a signal from one individual modifies the behavior of another individual

Question 5

Migration

Answer 5

A cyclical movement of large numbers of organisms from one geographic location or habitat to another

Question 6

Kin selection

Answer 6

A form of natural selection that favors traits that increased survival or reproduction of an individual’s kin at the expense of the individual

Question 7

Optimal foraging

Answer 7

The concept that animals forage in a way that maximizes the amount of usable energy they take in, given the costs of finding and ingesting food and the risk of being eaten while they’re at it.

Question 8

Echolocation

Answer 8

The use of echoes from vocalizations to obtain information about locations of objects in the environment.

Question 9

Compass orientation

Answer 9

A type of navigation in which movement occurs in a specific direction.

Question 10

Fixed action patterns

Answer 10

Highly stereotyped behavior patterns that occur in a certain invariant way in a certain species. a form of innate behavior

Question 11

Piloting

Answer 11

A type of navigation in which animals use familiar landmarks to find their way

Question 12

Reciprocal altruism

Answer 12

Altruistic behavior that is exchanged between a pair of individuals at different points in time

Question 13

True navigation

Answer 13

The type of navigation by which an animal can reach a specific point on earths surface.

Question 14

Signal

Answer 14

Any information containing behavior

Question 15

Coefficient of relatedness

Answer 15

A measure of how closely the actor and the beneficiary are related.

Question 16

Hamiltons rule

Answer 16

Altruistic behavior is most likely when the fitness benefits of altruistic behavior are high for the recipient, the altruist and the recipient are close relatives, and the fitness costs to the altruists are low.

Question 17

Proximate Causation

Answer 17

Explains how actions occur in terms of neurological, hormonal and skeletal-muscular mechanisms involved.

Question 18

Ultimate causation

Answer 18

Explains why actions occur based on their evolutionary consequences and history.

Question 19

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 19

Animals appear to weigh the costs and benefits of responding to a particular situation in various ways. Usually measured in terms of their impact on fitness.

Question 20

Causation

Answer 20

The underlying reason for something happening

Question 21

Imprinting

Answer 21

A young animal comes to recognize something as a parent or object of habitual trust.

Question 22

Photo taxis

Answer 22

The movement of an organism in response to light

Question 23

Phonotaxis

Answer 23

The movement of an organism in relation to a sound source.

Question 24

Taxis

Answer 24

Movement of an organism in response to an external stimulus.

Question 25

Cognition

Answer 25

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and senses.

Question 26

Critical period

Answer 26

A time during an organisms life span when it is more sensitive to environmental influences or stimulation than other times in its life.