Chapter 53

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

group of individuals of same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 2

Characteristics of a population

Answer 2

1.Density
2.Dispersion

Question 3

Mark-recapture technique

Answer 3

capture, tag, and release a random sample of individual(s) in a population

Question 4

Imigration

Answer 4

the influx of new individuals from other areas and births icrease population size

Question 5

Emmigration

Answer 5

the movement of individuals out of a population and deaths decrease population size

Question 6

Patterns of dispersion

Answer 6

Uniform
Clumped
Random

Question 7

Demography

Answer 7

study of vital statistics of a population and their changes over time

Question 8

Life table

Answer 8

an age-specific summary of the survival and reproductive rates within a population

Question 9

Survivorship curve

Answer 9

a plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age, shows the pattern of survivorship for a population

Question 10

Survivorship curve types

Answer 10

Type 1:Low death rates during early and middle life and a sharp increase in death rates later in life
Type 2:Constant death rate over the life span
Type 3:High death rates for the young; death rate steeply declines for survivors of early period die-off

Question 11

Type 1

Answer 11

large mammals (humans and elephants) provide good care

Question 12

Type 2

Answer 12

Some rodents, invertebrates, lizards and annual plants

Question 13

Type 3

Answer 13

long lived plants, many fishes, and most marine invertebrates

Question 14

Exponential growth

Answer 14

occurs under ideal conditions; all individuals have access to abundant food and reproduce at physiological capacity
a characteristic of populations that are introduced to a new environment

Question 15

Density dependent

Answer 15

a birth/death rate that is affected by population density

Question 16

Density independent

Answer 16

a birth/death rate that does not change with population size

Question 17

Competition for resources

Answer 17

in crowded populations, increasing population density intensifies competition for resources and reduces birth rates

Question 18

Disease

Answer 18

can regulate population density if its transmission rate increases as the population becomes more crowded

Question 19

Territoriality

Answer 19

can limit population density when space becomes the resource for which individuals compete

Question 20

Intrinsic factors

Answer 20

appear to regulate population size, birth rates drop when food and shelter are abundant

Question 21

Toxic waste

Answer 21

accumulation of toxic wastes at high population density can contribute to density-dependent regulation of population size

Question 22

Metapopulations

Answer 22

are groups of local populations linked by immigration and emigration

Question 23

Age structure

Answer 23

the relative number of individuals of each age in a population