Chapter 52

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment

Question 2

Types of ecology

Answer 2

Organismal ecology
Population ecology
Community ecology
Ecosystem ecology
Landscape ecology
Global ecology

Question 3

Biosphere

Answer 3

the global ecosystem-the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems and landscapes

Question 4

Ecosystem

Answer 4

the community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which they interact

Question 5

Community

Answer 5

a group of populations of different species in an area

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

a group of individuals of the same species living in an area

Question 7

Climate

Answer 7

most significant influence on the distribution of organisms on land

Question 8

low angle of incoming sunlight

Answer 8

less intense

Question 9

sun overhead at equinoxes

Answer 9

sunlight is most direct

Question 10

Tropics are located at

Answer 10

the equinoxes

Question 11

Dry, descending air masses create arid climates

Answer 11

near 30 north and south

Question 12

air masses rise again and release abundant precipitation

Answer 12

60 north and south

Question 13

cold dry rising air flows goes to the ____ and descends absorbing moisture and and creating dry , cold climate

Answer 13

poles

Question 14

Seasonal variations of light and temperature increase steadily toward the

Answer 14

poles

Question 15

Seasonality at high latitudes is caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis rotation and its annual passage _______

Answer 15

around the sun

Question 16

Belts of wet and dry air straddling the equator shift throughout the year with the ______

Answer 16

changing angle of the sun

Question 17

changing wind patterns affect _______

Answer 17

ocean currents

Question 18

rising air masses release water and cause high precipitation

Answer 18

in the tropics

Question 19

dry, descending air masses create arid climates

Answer 19

near 30

Question 20

air flowing close to Earth’s surface creates

Answer 20

predictable global wind patterns

Question 21

cooling trade winds blow from east to west in the tropics; while prevailing westerlies blow from ____ in the temperate zones

Answer 21

west to east

Question 22

large bodies of water moderate the climate of nearby land due to

Answer 22

the high specific heat of water

Question 23

air rises over warm land and draws a cool breeze from the water across the land during the _____

Answer 23

day

Question 24

the land cools and air now rises over the warmer water and draws cool air off the land replacing it with warmer air from offshore during the _____

Answer 24

night

Question 25

mountains are a ____ for prevailing winds

Answer 25

barrier

Question 26

Species distribution

Answer 26

the result of ecological and evolutionary interactions through time

Question 27

Biotic factors

Answer 27

predation, herbivory, competition, mutualism, parasitism

Question 28

abiotic factors

Answer 28

temperature, water, oxygen, salinity, sunlight, soil