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Biology 2 > Chapter 50 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 50 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

List the effects of acid rain.

A

Attacks nylon, attacks marble statues, causes toxic metals to become motile in the ecosystem, can be reduced in the local area by tail smokestacks.

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2
Q

List examples of nonrenewable resources.

A

Oil, coal, natural gas, and nuclear energy.

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3
Q

Give examples of processes or movements that could increase the earths carrying capacity.

A

Irrigation, recycling, conservation and green revolution.

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4
Q

Primary treatment for sewage involves ________ and ________, which physically treats water.

A

Filtration and sedimentation.

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5
Q

Approximately 50% of the billions of tons of solid waste produced in the United States is _______.

A

Paper.

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6
Q

The new high-yield crops require what that cannot be supplied by subsistence agriculture?

A

Irrigation, pesticides, fossil fuel energy and fertilizers.

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7
Q

To produce power from fusion, ________ atoms are joined to form _________.

A

Hydrogen, hydrogen.

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8
Q

Primary treatment of wastewater does involve:

A

Sedimentation tanks, chemicals such as aluminum sulfate, and mechanical screens.

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9
Q

What are factors characteristic of a city primarily plagued by photochemical smog?

A

High concentration of nitrogen oxides, significant amounts and PANs, and large numbers of internal combustion engines.

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10
Q

At current rates of clearing and degradation, the disappearance of the tropical rain forest biome may be complete by the year _____.

A

2035.

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11
Q

If one kind of plutonium isotope is not removed, the wastes from a nuclear power reactor must be kept out of the environment for how many years before they are safe?

A

250,000.

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12
Q

Nuclear power plants net energy productions is relatively _______.

A

Low.

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13
Q

After secondary sewage treatment, the water may contain:

A

Oxygen demanding wastes, pesticides and industrial chemicals, nitrates and phosphates viruses.

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14
Q

Acid rain occurs when _______ released in burning ______ combines with water in the atmosphere.

A

Sulfur, fossil fuels.

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15
Q

When the burning of fossil-fuels in manufacturing plants gives off particulates and sulfur oxides, we have ______.

A

Photochemical smog.

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16
Q

The most harmful element in coal that causes serious pollution problems is _______.

A

Sulfur.

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17
Q

In brown air fog, which substance combines with nitrogen dioxide in the sunlight to form photochemical smog?

A

Hydrocarbons.

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18
Q

A thermal inversion refers to a layer of ________ air trapped underneath a _________ air blanket.

A

Cool; warm.

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19
Q

Air pollution ______ visibility, _______ buildings, caused various human ________, and damages plants.

A

Reduces, corrodes, diseases.

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20
Q

What factors are correlated with a decrease in atmospheric ozone?

A

Suppression of the immune system, decreased rates of photosynthesis, and increased incidence of skin cancers.

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21
Q

Which processes are generally considered a component of tertiary wastewater treatment?

A

Absorption of dissolved organic compounds, precipitation of suspended solids, and reverse osmosis.

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22
Q

Fossil fuels will be commercially depleted within the next ________ years.

A

100.

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23
Q

Which factors are characteristic of a city primarily plagued by industrial smog?

A

High concentration of sulfur oxides, dependence on fossil fuel for manufacturing, and cold wet winters.

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24
Q

Uses of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) include:

A

Plastic packaging, aerosol propellants, and refrigeration coolants.

25
Q

The primary cause of desertification in the world today is ________ or marginal lands.

A

Overgrazing.

26
Q

For every million liters of water in the world, only about _____ liters are in a form that can be used for human consumption or agriculture.

A

6.

27
Q

The atmosphere above which region is known to have a hole in the ozone layer?

A

Antarctica.

28
Q

Name substances that contribute to acid rain.

A

Waste products from the burning of gasoline, waste products from the burning of coal, and nitrogen fertilizers.

29
Q

About how many beverage containers sold in the United States each year are nonreturnable cans and bottles, many of which are discarded in public places?

A

50 billion.

30
Q

List cities that have and are known for brown fog.

A

Los Angeles.

31
Q

The soils in the tropical rain forest are nutrient poor because ________ of organic matter is very rapid.

A

Decomposition.

32
Q

The concept of solar-hydrogen energy can accurately be described as:

A

Sunlight produces electricity which is used to produce hydrogen fuel.

33
Q

Acid rain increases the mobility of ______ heavy metals, is the major reason for the production of sterile _____ around the world, has a pH ______ 7, and is primarily the result of ______ pollution.

A

Toxic, lakes, below, industrial.

34
Q

Landfills should contain _______ solid wastes.

A

No recycled.

35
Q

Industrial smog causes air to turn ________. (color)

A

Gray.

36
Q

In the United States, how many metric tons of pollutants are discharged into the atmosphere each day?

A

100,000.

37
Q

Which acid is the most severe air pollutant?

A

Nitric acid.

38
Q

When the burning of fossil fuels in vehicle engines off particulates and nitric oxides, what results?

A

Smog.

39
Q

Problems associated with the extraction or use of coal as a large-scale source of energy include:

A

Production of sulfur oxides, amplification of the general warming trend of the earth, and strip mining in fragile semiarid environments.

40
Q

Subsistence agriculture does not utilize _______ fertilizers.

A

Synthetic.

41
Q

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) are pollutants because biogeochemical mechanisms for their removal have not yet appeared in the _____.

A

Biosphere.

42
Q

What is the most reliable source of energy for the next few hundred or thousands of years?

A

Sun.

43
Q

How many trees are required just to print all the Sunday newspapers in the United States?

A

500,000.

44
Q

What percentage of urban wastes are paper products?

A

50%.

45
Q

List results or effects of irrigation.

A

Raised water tables, increased food production, and water logging of soil.

46
Q

The unequal distribution of acid rain over the United States is closely correlated with burning _________.

A

Fossil fuels.

47
Q

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has dramatically _________ in the last few decades.

A

Increased.

48
Q

Of the earths land, what is the maximum percentage now being used for agriculture?

A

21%.

49
Q

For a given crop yield, modern agricultural practices require how many times more energy and mineral resources than is required by subsistence agricultural practices?

A

100.

50
Q

The two chemical elements associated with acid deposition are ________ and _________.

A

Nitrogen and sulfur.

51
Q

Tropical plants or their products have provided humans with:

A

Medicines, fuels, spices, resins, dyes, etc.

52
Q

Acid rain is NOT a serious problem in some areas because of the presence of which substance in the soil?

A

Carbonate.

53
Q

Using recycled paper could reduce the air population that results from paper manufacturing by: ______%.

A

95.

54
Q

Deforestation results in ______ air temperatures, _______ soil fertility, and _______ rainfall patterns.

A

Increased, decreased, altered.

55
Q

The region of the United States most affected by acid rain is the __________.

A

Northeast.

56
Q

Air pollution may cause what physical ailments?

A

Lung cancer, emphysema, bronchitis, and burning eyes.

57
Q

Carbon dioxide is a pollutant because it cannot be recycled at a rate ______ to its preset production.

A

Equal.

58
Q

Transportation-produced smog causes air to turn ________ (color).

A

Brown.

59
Q

List examples of particulate wastes.

A

Smoke, soot, asbestos and dust.

Biology 2 (7 decks)

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