Chapter 23- Fungi Flashcards
Despite their tolerance for harsh climates, lichens are particularly intolerant of _____.
Airborne toxic materials.
Mycorrhizae and plants exhibit what?
Mutualism.
The life cycles are known for how many major groups of fungi?
3
The major groups of fungi are assigned names on the basis of ____?
Reproductive structures.
In fungi, food materials are digested where?
Outside the body.
What are saprobes?
Organisms that feed on dead material.
Fungi are generally saprobes. True or false?
TRUE.
Which fungus relies on extracellular digestion and absorption of energy-rich substances found in living organisms?
Parasitic.
All fungi are heterotrophic. True or false?
TRUE.
All fungi perform intracellular digestion. True or false?
FALSE… Extracellular.
The chief advantage of the growth habit of the mycelium is a large ___.
Surface-to-volume ratio.
The walls of fungi contain what?
Chitin.
In most true fungi the individual cellular filaments of the body are called what?
Hyphae.
Mushrooms are members of which type of fungi?
Club fungi.
What is the diploid stage in the life cycle of fungi?
Zygote.
In what ways do fungi reproduce (three ways)
Asexually by spores, budding of the parent body, and sexually by gametes.
What is an example of zygospore-forming fungi?
Bread mold.
Rhizoids are _____.
Rootlike absorbing filaments.
Yeasts are members of which type of fungi?
Sac fungi.
Baking bread and making wine are dependent on _____, or sac fungi.
Yeast.
Edible fungi belong mainly to _____ and ____.
Ascomycota and basidiomycota.
What factor is the most important algal contribution to the fungal component of a lichen?
Photosynthetically derived food.
A lichen is a composite organism made up of ____ and ____.
A fungus and an algae.
Mycorrhizae are fungus roots. True or false?
TRUE.
What are mycorrhizae? What do they do?
Increase plant growth, are symbionts, allow plants to absorb more water, increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals.
Algae are to lichens as ____ are to mycorrhizae.
Tree roots.
The common mushroom bought in the average supermarket is most likely a member of what group?
Club fungi.
Penicillium, the source of antibiotics, is a former member of what group?
Imperfect fungi.
The yeast used in the fermentation of grape juice to produce the wines of the world is a member of what group?
Sac fungi.
The common black bread mold is a member of what group?
Zygomycetes.
The delicious, edible morel is a member of what group?
Sac fungi.
Lichens are unable to grow where?
In polluted areas.
