Chapter 20 - Classification Flashcards
Explain why scientific names must be used instead of common names in relation to the scientific community.
So the scientific community can understand it more.
What is the order of classification? Which is the most INCLUSIVE and which is the most EXCLUSIVE?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. The most inclusive is Kingdom, and the most exclusive is Species.
Which indicators are referred when trying to determine phylogenetic relatedness?
Morphological divergence, similar embryonic development, base sequences in DNA, and amino acid sequences in proteins.
Define analogy and give an example of its structure.
Analogy is a trait or an organ that appears similar in two unrelated organisms. An example of analogy is the ability to fly in birds and bats and insects.
Define homology and give an example of its structure.
Homology is the “same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function.” Examples of homologous structures are the human arm to a whale flipper to a bat wing.
Why did we develop the idea that fossils were the remnants of ancient forms of life?
We find fossils all over the world, many of which resemble current living organisms. Since unique fossils are found in specific layers of stratified rock, we can use fossils to study past geologic events.
What is the most conclusive evidence used in establishing the relationship of closely related species?
Nucleic acid hybridization.
What can the bones in the forelimbs of a mammal often be traced to?
A common ancestor.
List examples of a common name.
“Bug” when referring to any insect.
“Animal” when referring to any living creature.
“Fish” when referring to all organisms in a body of water.
What characteristics did Linnaeus consider to assign names and categories to organisms?
Anatomy, physiology, behavior, ecology—all observable characteristics.
What relationship between individuals does phylogeny refer to?
Evolutionary.
Comparisons of protein similarity between species can reveal the degree of genetic kinship because specific “what” are dictated by known nucleotide sequences.
Amino acids.
The concept of a “what” is based on the idea that neutral mutations occur at regular rates.
Molecular clock.
What allows the time of divergence between different forms to be pinpointed?
Neutral mutations.
What is an example of morphological convergence?
Apes and monkeys.
