Chapter 24- Plant Evolution Flashcards
The first group of plants with flowers were _____.
Angiosperms.
Name the three types of bryophytes.
Hornworts, liverworts, and mosses.
Which of the following produces no seeds? Cycads, conifers, horsetails, ginkgos, tomato, or avocado?
Horsetails.
Green plants need what to survive?
Sunlight energy, water, carbon dioxide, and minerals.
What is the role of xylem in a plant?
Transport water and minerals
The cuticle of a plant is primarily for ____.
Retention of water.
Stomata are responsible for ____.
Water escape from the leaves and carbon dioxide entry.
In the life cycle of primitive plants, what stage predominates?
Haploid.
What are the major trends in in terrestrial autotroph evolution?
Development of vascular trees.
Adaptation to environmental stress.
Nonmotile gametes.
Fertilization by biotic vectors.
Gametophytes are _____ plants that produce gametes.
Haploid.
In complex land plants the diploid stage is resistant to adverse environmental conditions, such as dwindling water supplies and cold weather. The diploid stage processes through what sequence?
Zygote——sporophyte.
List examples of plant seeds.
Cycads, ginkos, conifers, and angiosperms.
An increased complexity among the different divisions of land plants is paralleled by increased complexity of what?
The sporophyte.
A gametophyte is a _____ producing plant and a haploid.
Gamete.
The first haploid cell in the life cycle of a plant is the _____.
Spore.
The mosses and liverworts are members of which divisions?
Bryophyta.
What are the three types of bryophytes?
Hornworts, liverworts, and mosses.
Mosses are different from all other plants in that they have an independent _____ generation and a dependent _____ generation.
Sporophyte, gametophyte.
In horsetails, lycophytes, and ferns, _____ give rise to gametophytes.
Spores.
Rhizomes in the whisk ferns serve the same function as ____ in more advanced land plants.
Roots.
Strobili are ____.
Cones.
The feature of horsetails that was useful to pioneers of the American west was _____ in the stems.
Silica.
Ferns are more advanced than mosses because mosses lack which structure found in ferns?
Xylem.
What is the name given to the “leaves” of a fern?
Frond.
The ferns differ from the other vascular plants because they lack _____ and have an independent _____ generation. Ferns possess both xylem and phloem.
Seeds, sporophyte.
Why are ferns restricted to wet environments?
The ferns are restricted to wet environments because of the requirements of the gametophytes.
A sorus is a collection of ____.
Sporangia.
The seed develops from the ____.
Ovule.
Gymnosperms were the first plants to not have _____ and were therefore freed from the need for _____ to reproduce.
Swimming sperm, water.
What is the most appropriate term for a mature pollen grain?
Microgametophyte.
Microspores mature into _____.
Pollen grains.
List examples of a conifer.
Pine, fir, cedar, Cyprus.
The conifers are examples of the _____.
Gymnosperms.
A pine tree is a ______.
Sporophyte.
What are the major sources of pulp, lumbar, and numerous industrial products?
Conifers.
Angiosperms are more advanced than gymnosperms because gymnosperms lack which structure found in angiosperms?
Fruits.
The vast majority of plant species are _____.
Angiosperms.
