Chapter 5 Wordlist Flashcards
Appendectomy
a surgical operation in which the vermiform appendix is removed
Appendix
a small pouch attached to the large intestine: helps in the proper movement and removal of waste matter in the digestive system, maintains gut flora, contains lymphatic vessels that regulate pathogens, and might even produce early defences that prevent deadly diseases
Anorexia
an eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat
Bile
a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Celiac
an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
Cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
Choledochotomy
surgical incision of the common bile duct
Choledocholithiasis
the presence of at least one gallstone in the common bile duct
Colostomy
an opening in the large intestine, or the surgical procedure that creates one
Emulsification
a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible owing to liquid-liquid phase separation.: part of two-phase systems of matter called colloids
Duodenum
the first part of the small intestine: main role is to complete the first phase of digestion
Stomatitis
a general term for an inflamed and sore mouth
Hepatomegaly
an enlarged liver
Hiatal Hernia
occurs when part of the stomach protrudes up into the chest through the sheet of muscle called the diaphragm
Hypoglossal
one of 12 cranial nerves: the 12th cranial nerve or CNXII; ]starts at the base of your brain; travels down your neck and branches out, ending at the base and underside of your tongue
Jaundice
a medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells
Mastication
the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth
Palatoplasty
a surgical procedure used to correct or reconstruct the palate in a person with a cleft palate
Parenteral
administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal
Peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward
Pharyngeal
relating to the pharynx
Postprandial
occurring after a meal
Pyloric Sphincter
a ring of smooth muscle that connects the stomach and small intestine
Crohn Disease
a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract
Volvulus
occurs when a loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supplies it, causing a bowel obstruction
Sublingual
situated or applied under the tongue
Ascites
abdominal swelling caused by accumulation of fluid, most often related to liver disease
Cirrhosis
chronic liver damage from a variety of causes leading to scarring and liver failure; usually caused by long term alcohol abuse
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing foods or liquids, arising from the throat or esophagus; ranging from mild difficulty to complete and painful blockage
Etiology
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
Flatus
air that moves from the digestive tract through the mouth (belching)
Idiopathic
relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown
Cholelithiasis
the presence of one or more calculi (gallstones) in the gallbladder
