Chapter 4 Wordlist Flashcards
Abductor
any of the muscles that cause movement of a limb away from the midplane of the body or away from a neighboring part or limb
Adductor
a muscle whose contraction moves a limb or other part of the body toward the midline of the body or toward another part
Apnea
transient cessation of respiration whether normal (as in hibernating animals) or abnormal (as that caused by certain drugs)
Benign
(of a disease) not harmful in effect
Bifurcation
the division of something into two branches or parts
Bifurcation
a division into two branches, such as a blood vessel, or a tooth that has two roots
Bilateral
affecting both the right and left sides of the body
Bradycardia
slower-than-expected heart rate, generally beating fewer than 60 beats per minute
Congenital Anomaly
structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life (birth defects)
Contraindication
a condition that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient
Contralateral
relating to or denoting the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs
Dehydration
a dangerous loss of body fluid caused by illness, sweating, or inadequate intake
Dysplasia
the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer
Dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
Endocardium
the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves
Epithelium
the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures
Hyperplasia
the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer
Infracostal
anatomy situated beneath the ribs
Intercostal
situated between the ribs
Malaise
a general sense of being unwell, often accompanied by fatigue, diffuse pain, or lack of interest in activities
Metamorphosis
change of physical form, structure, or substance
Neonatal
of, relating to, or affecting the newborn and especially the human infant during the first month after birth
Neoplasm
a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer
Percutaneous
passing through the skin, as an injection or a topical medicine
Prolapse
a bulging or falling out of a body part, such as the rectum or vagina, that commonly occurs because of weakened supportive tissues
Relapse
a deterioration in someone’s state of health after a temporary improvement
Remission
remission is either the reduction or disappearance of the signs and symptoms of a disease
Retroperitoneal
situated or occurring behind the peritoneum
Subcutaneous
beneath, or under, all the layers of the skin (ex: a subcutaneous cyst)
Symbiosis
any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms (mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic): the organisms (symbiont) must be of different species
Symmetry
correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a dividing line or median plane or about a center or axis
Symphysis
an immovable or more or less movable articulation of various bones in the median plane of the body
Tachypnea
breathing that is abnormally rapid and often shallow
Unilateral
occurring on, performed on, or affecting one side of the body or one of its parts
