Chapter 5: Vocabulary

Question 1

to connect or fasten: to bind (Webster’s New World Dictionary). Items are jointed together at the surface in three main ways: by mechanical adhesion (physical interlocking), by chemical adhesion, or by a combination of the two

Answer 1

Bond or Bonding

Question 2

the act of sticking two things together. In dentistry the term is used frequently to describe the bonding or cementation process. Chemical adhesion occurs when atoms or molecules of dissimilar substances bond together. Adhesion differs from cohesion, in which attraction among atoms and molecules of like (similar) materials holds them together

Answer 2

Adhesion

Question 3

terms used interchangeably to describe the process of preparing the surface of a tooth or restoration for bonding. The most common etching material (etchant) is phosphoric acid

Answer 3

Etching or Conditioning

Question 4

a reaction that links low molecular weight resin molecules (monomers) together into high molecular weight chains (polymers) that harden or set. The reaction can be initiated by strictly a chemical reaction (self-cure), by light in the blue wave spectrum (light-cure), by a combination of the two (dual-cure), or by heat

Answer 4

Cure or Polymerization

Question 5

ability of a liquid to wet or intimately contact a solid surface. Water beading on a waxed car is an example of poor wetting

Answer 5

Wetting

Question 6

bonding to dentin that is kept moist after acid etching to facilitate penetration of bonding resins into etched resin

Answer 6

Wet Dentin Bonding

Question 7

a tenacious layer of debris on the dentin surface resulting from cutting the tooth during cavity preparation. It is composed mostly of fine particles of cut tooth structure

Answer 7

Smear Layer

Question 8

a low-viscosity resin that penetrates porosities and irregularities in the surface of the tooth or restoration created by acid etching for the purpose of facilitating bonding

Answer 8

Bonding Agent

Question 9

an attribute that allows a material to tolerate the presence of moisture

Answer 9

Hydrophilic

Question 10

an attribute that does not allow a material to tolerate or perform well in the presence of moisture

Answer 10

Hydrophobic

Question 11

a bonding system that includes etching of both enamel and dentin as a separate step from the application of bonding agents

Answer 11

Total-Etch System

Question 12

a bonding system that does not use a separate etching procedure with phosphoric acid. The acid is contained in the resin primer and no rinsing is needed

Answer 12

Self-Etch System

Question 13

a resin/dentin layer formed by intermixing of the dentin bonding agent with collagen fibrils exposed by acid etching. It serves as an excellent resin-rich layer onto which the restorative material, such as composite resin, can be bonded

Answer 13

Hybrid Layer

Question 14

Leakage of fluid and bacteria that occurs at the interface of the tooth and the restoration margins and is caused by microscopic gaps

Answer 14

Microleakage

Question 15

movement of fluid in the microscopic gap of the restoration margin as a result of differences in expansion and contraction rates of the tooth and the restoration with temperature changes

Answer 15

Percolation

Question 16

pain caused by movement of pulpal fluid in open (unsealed) dentinal tubules. Actions that cause a change in the pressure on the fluid within the dentinal tubules stimulate a pain response from nerve fibers in the odontoblastic processes that extend into the dentinal tubules from the pulp

Answer 16

Hydrodynamic Theory of Tooth Sensitivity

Question 17

contact with a substance that changes the chemical or mechanical properties (e.g., contamination of the etched surface of the tooth with saliva before bonding)

Answer 17

Contamination