Chapter 2: Vocabulary

Question 1

material used to treat diseases

Answer 1

Therapeutic agents

Question 2

the property of a material that allows it to not impede or adversely affect living tissue.

Answer 2

Biocompatible

Question 3

materials used to reconstruct tooth structure.

Answer 3

Restorative agents

Question 4

force applied to compress an object

Answer 4

Compressive force

Question 5

force applied in opposite directions to stretch an object.

Answer 5

Tensile force

Question 6

force applied when two surfaces slide against each other or in a twisting or rotating motion.

Answer 6

Shearing force

Question 7

the internal force, which resists the applied force.

Answer 7

Stress

Question 8

distortion or deformation that occurs when an object cannot resist a stress.

Answer 8

Strain

Question 9

bending caused by a combination of tension and compression.

Answer 9

Flexural Stress

Question 10

a fracture resulting from repeated stresses that produce microscopic flaws that grow.

Answer 10

Fatigue Failure

Question 11

a material’s ability to maintain its position without displacement under stress.

Answer 11

Retention

Question 12

susceptible to being dissolved.

Answer 12

Solubility

Question 13

the ability to absorb moisture.

Answer 13

Water Sorption

Question 14

deterioration of a metal caused by a chemical attack or electrochemical reaction with dissimilar metals in the presence of a solution containing electrolytes (such as saliva).

Answer 14

Corrosion

Question 15

discoloration resulting from oxidation of a thin layer of a metal at its surface. It is not as destructive as corrosion.

Answer 15

Tarnish

Question 16

an electrical current transmitted between two dissimilar metals.

Answer 16

Galvanism

Question 17

a change in the size of matter. For dental materials, this usually manifests as expansion caused by heating and contraction caused by cooling.

Answer 17

Dimensional Change

Question 18

the measurement of change of volume or length in relationship to change in temperature.

Answer 18

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Question 19

movement of fluid in the microscopic gap of the restoration margin as a result of differences in the expansion and contraction rates of the tooth and the restoration with temperature changes associated with ingestion of cold or hot fluids or foods.

Answer 19

Percolation

Question 20

the rate at which heat flows through a material.

Answer 20

Thermal Conductivity

Question 21

materials having low thermal conductivity.

Answer 21

Insulators

Question 22

the production of heat resulting from the reaction of the components of some materials when they are mixed.

Answer 22

Exothermic Reaction

Question 23

the act of sticking two things together. In dentistry, it is used to describe the bonding or the cementation process. Chemical adhesion occurs when atoms or molecules of dissimilar substances bond together and differs from cohesion in which attraction among atoms and molecules of like (similar) materials holds them together.

Answer 23

Adhesion

Question 24

to Connect or fasten; to bind (Webster’s New World DictIonary).

Answer 24

Bonding

Question 25

the ability of a liquid to wet or intimately contact a solid surface. Water beading on a waxed car is an example of poor wetting.

Answer 25

Wetting

Question 26

the ability of a liquid material to flow.

Answer 26

Viscosity

Question 27

the minimum thickness obtainable by a layer of a material. It is particularly important to dental cements.

Answer 27

Film Thickness

Question 28

the electrical charge that attracts atoms to a surface.

Answer 28

Surface Energy

Question 29

the space between the walls of the preparation and the restoration.

Answer 29

Interface

Question 30

leakage of fluid and bacteria caused by microscopic gaps that occur at the interface of the tooth and the restoration margins.

Answer 30

Microleakage

Question 31

the color of the tooth or restoration. It may include a mixture of colors, such as yellow-brown.

Answer 31

Hue

Question 32

the intensity or strength of a color (e.g., a bold yellow has more chroma than a pastel yellow)

Answer 32

Chroma

Question 33

how light or dark a color is. A low value is darker and a high value ¡s brighter.

Answer 33

Value

Question 34

light passing directly through an object.

Answer 34

Transparent

Question 35

optical property in which light is completely absorbed by an object.

Answer 35

Opaque

Question 36

varying degrees of light passing through and being absorbed by an object.

Answer 36

Translucency

Question 37

a life-like quality.

Answer 37

Vitality