Chapter 2: Vocabulary Flashcards
material used to treat diseases
Therapeutic agents
the property of a material that allows it to not impede or adversely affect living tissue.
Biocompatible
materials used to reconstruct tooth structure.
Restorative agents
force applied to compress an object
Compressive force
force applied in opposite directions to stretch an object.
Tensile force
force applied when two surfaces slide against each other or in a twisting or rotating motion.
Shearing force
the internal force, which resists the applied force.
Stress
distortion or deformation that occurs when an object cannot resist a stress.
Strain
bending caused by a combination of tension and compression.
Flexural Stress
a fracture resulting from repeated stresses that produce microscopic flaws that grow.
Fatigue Failure
a material’s ability to maintain its position without displacement under stress.
Retention
susceptible to being dissolved.
Solubility
the ability to absorb moisture.
Water Sorption
deterioration of a metal caused by a chemical attack or electrochemical reaction with dissimilar metals in the presence of a solution containing electrolytes (such as saliva).
Corrosion
discoloration resulting from oxidation of a thin layer of a metal at its surface. It is not as destructive as corrosion.
Tarnish
an electrical current transmitted between two dissimilar metals.
Galvanism
a change in the size of matter. For dental materials, this usually manifests as expansion caused by heating and contraction caused by cooling.
Dimensional Change
the measurement of change of volume or length in relationship to change in temperature.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
movement of fluid in the microscopic gap of the restoration margin as a result of differences in the expansion and contraction rates of the tooth and the restoration with temperature changes associated with ingestion of cold or hot fluids or foods.
Percolation
the rate at which heat flows through a material.
Thermal Conductivity
materials having low thermal conductivity.
Insulators
the production of heat resulting from the reaction of the components of some materials when they are mixed.
Exothermic Reaction
the act of sticking two things together. In dentistry, it is used to describe the bonding or the cementation process. Chemical adhesion occurs when atoms or molecules of dissimilar substances bond together and differs from cohesion in which attraction among atoms and molecules of like (similar) materials holds them together.
Adhesion
to Connect or fasten; to bind (Webster’s New World DictIonary).
Bonding
the ability of a liquid to wet or intimately contact a solid surface. Water beading on a waxed car is an example of poor wetting.
Wetting
the ability of a liquid material to flow.
Viscosity
the minimum thickness obtainable by a layer of a material. It is particularly important to dental cements.
Film Thickness
the electrical charge that attracts atoms to a surface.
Surface Energy
the space between the walls of the preparation and the restoration.
Interface
leakage of fluid and bacteria caused by microscopic gaps that occur at the interface of the tooth and the restoration margins.
Microleakage
the color of the tooth or restoration. It may include a mixture of colors, such as yellow-brown.
Hue
the intensity or strength of a color (e.g., a bold yellow has more chroma than a pastel yellow)
Chroma
how light or dark a color is. A low value is darker and a high value ¡s brighter.
Value
light passing directly through an object.
Transparent
optical property in which light is completely absorbed by an object.
Opaque
varying degrees of light passing through and being absorbed by an object.
Translucency
a life-like quality.
Vitality
