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Psychology > Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

the awareness of internal and external stimuli

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2
Q

What does mind wandering refer to?

A

people’s experience of task-unrelated thoughts

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of EEG pattern?

A

Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta

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4
Q

What is the Beta EEG pattern?

A

Normal waking thought, alert problem solving

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5
Q

What is the Alpha EEG pattern?

A

Deep relaxation, blank mind, mediation.

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6
Q

What is the Theta EEG pattern?

A

Light Sleep

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7
Q

What is the Delta EEG pattern?

A

Deep Sleep

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8
Q

What are the two biological rhythms?

A
  1. Biological Rhythms 2. Circadian rhythms
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9
Q

What is Biological Rhythms? PeFl,PhFu,PlRh

A

periodic fluctuation in physiological functions tied to planetary rhythms.

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10
Q

What is Circadian Rhythms?

A

are 24-hour cycles that are influential in the regulation of sleep.

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11
Q

What are internal biological clocks reset by?

A

by exposure to light, which stimulates the SCN in the hypothalamus

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12
Q

What does EEG stand for?

A

the electroencephalograph

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13
Q

What does EEG do?

A

is a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time.

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14
Q

What are the nature of your dreams?

A
  • dreams are less exotic than Freud thought
  • external stimuli
  • culturally view differently
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15
Q

What are the theories of dreaming?

A
  • Freud = dreams is wish fulfillment.
  • dreams provide an opportunity to think creatively about personal problems.
  • The activation-synthesis model proposes that dreams are side effects of the neural activation that produces waking-like brain waves during REM sleep.
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16
Q

What is EOG?

A

records eye movements

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17
Q

What is Non-REM sleep?

A

Stages 1-4 - is marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity.

18
Q

What is REM sleep?

A

is a deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming.

19
Q

What are the stages of sleep?

A
  • Ordinary sleep – Fast, low-amplitude beta waves
  • Relaxed Wakefulness – Rhythmic Alpha waves
  • Stage 1 – Small, irregular brain waves
  • Stage 2 – Appearance of spindle-shaped waves called sleep spindles.
  • Stage 3 and 4 – Appearance of large, slow delta waves
  • REM sleep – Similar to ordinary wakefulness
20
Q

What is slow wave sleep?

A

consists of sleep stage 3 and 4, during which high-amplitude, low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings.

21
Q

What percentage is REM sleep at birth then as a adult?

A

50% of the time in babies, and only 20% in adults.

22
Q

What does ARAS stand for?

A

Ascending Reticular Activating System

23
Q

What does ARAS mean?

A

consists of the afferent fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal . * hypothalamus

24
Q

What are the causes of sleep deprivation?

A
  • North America suffers from chronic sleep deprivation
  • have far more negative effects than most people assume.
  • Deprivation from REM and slow-wave sleep leads to increased attempts to shift into these stages of sleep and increased time in these stages after sleep deprivation ends.
25
Q

What are the 7 sleep disorders?

A
  1. Insomnia - Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep.
  2. Narcolepsy - sudden, irresistible onsets of sleep during waking hours.
  3. Nightmares - Anxiety-arousing dreams that leads to awakening, usually from REM sleep.
  4. Night Terrors - Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep.
  5. Sleep Apnea - frequent reflexive gasping for air that disrupts sleep.
  6. Somnambulism (sleepwalking) - Wandering around while remaining asleep.
  7. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) - potentially troublesome, even violent, dream enactments during REM periods.
26
Q

What is Hypnosis?

A

Procedure that produces a heightened state of suggestibility.

27
Q

What effects happen because of hypnosis?

A
  • variety of effects including anesthesia, sensory distortions, disinhibition, and posthypnotic amnesia.
28
Q

What are theories of hypnosis?

A
  • produces a normal state of consciousness in which people act out the role of a hypnotized subject.
29
Q

What is the role-playing in hypnosis?

A

hypnotic feats can be duplicated by non-hypnotized subjects and that hypnotic subjects are often acting out a role.

30
Q

According to Ernest Hilgard, what does hypnosis produce?

A

an altered state of awareness characterized by dissociation.

31
Q

What is the altered-state view?

A

divided consciousness is a common experience, as illustrated by highway hypnosis.

32
Q

What is mediation?

A
  • practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control.
33
Q

What are two main styles of mediation?

A
  • focused attention and open monitoring
34
Q

What does effective mediation lead to?

A
  • a beneficial physiological state that may be accompanied by changes in brain activity
35
Q

What may mediation produce?

A
  • alterations in brain structure.
36
Q

What are the drugs and their altering consciousness?

A
  • Narcotics – Drugs deprived from opium, such as heroin. side effects = nausea. constipation
  • Sedatives – Sleep-inducing drugs that decrease CNS activation, such as barbiturates. side effects = emotional swings
  • Stimulates – Drugs that increase CNS activation, such as cocaine and amphetamines. side effects = increased blood pressure and heart rate.
  • Hallucinogens – Drugs that produce sensory distortions and diverse mental and emotional effects, such as LSD and mescaline. side effects = nausea, and paranoia
  • Cannabis – Hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are deprived. side effects = dry mouth, and bloodshot eyes.
  • Alcohol – includes a variety of beverages that contain ethyl alcohol. side effects = emotional swings
37
Q

What do sedatives do to the CNS?

A

decreases CNS activation and behavioral activity

38
Q

What does Stimulates do to the CNS?

A

increase CNS and behavioral activity

39
Q

What does Hallucinogens do to the functions of your body?

A

distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.

40
Q

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A

when exposed to light, some receptors in the retina send direct inputs to a small structure in the hypothalamus.

Psychology (9 decks)

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