Chapter 1: The evolution of psychology Flashcards
What was Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) important in the development of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt’s - It was consciousness, the awareness of immediate experience so it becomes the scientific study of conscious experience.
What was Edward Titchener (1892) influence on psychology?
He was a structuralist, based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related.
What was William James involvement in psychology?
He was a functionalist, functionalism was based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure.
The flow of thoughts he called the stream of consciousness
What was John B. Watson (1878-1958) involvement in psychology?
Behaviorism is scientific psychologists should study only observable behavior.
He proposed that psychologists abandon the study of consciousness altogether and focus exclusively on behaviors that they could observe directly.
What was Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) involvement in the development of psychology?
The unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior,
personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level
his psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.
What was B. F Skinner (1904-1990) involvement in psychology?
He believed that their was no free will and that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes, and they tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes.
Freewill is an illusion.
All behavior is fully governed by external stimuli
What was the humanists revolt?
by the 1950s, behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory had become the most popular, but became attacked that psychoanalytic theory for its belief that behavior is dominated by primitive, sexual urges. Behaviorism was criticized for its preoccupation with the study of simple animal behavior.
and then humanism is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth.
What did Carl Rogers (1902-1987) pioneer in psychology?
a new approach to psychotherapy known as person-centered therapy. it seems to me that at bottom each person is asking. who am I, really? How can I get in touch with this real self, underlying all my surface behavior? How can I become myself?
Who is Margaret Floy Washburn?
The first women in the US to receive Ph.D. in psychology and author of ‘The animal mind’
What was the first applied arm of psychology to achieve any prominence?
clinical psychology
What was cognition in psychology?
refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge.
What was Hebb’s emphasis on the importance of the brain?
in behavior provided an important counter-weight to that time’s dominance of the behaviorist models.
he suggests that repeated stimulation leads to the development of cell assemblies
neuroethics
What was Martin Seligman known for in psychology?
Positive psychology
uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.
What is psychology today?
is the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies that accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems.
What are the nine research areas in psychology?
- developmental psychology 2.social psychology 3.experimental psychology 4.behavioral neuroscience/biological psychology 5.cognitive psychology 6.personality 7.pyschometrics 8.eductional psychology 9.health psychology
