Chapter 5 Urban Geography Flashcards
Central Business District
The downtown heart of central city, the CBD is marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.
Synekism
the “conditions derive from dwelling together in a particular home or place or space”
Urban
The built of central city and suburbs.
city
clump of people and buildings clustered together for the center of politics, culture, and economics. Example:SLC
agricultural village
a relatively small village, where most of the population was involved in agriculture.
agricultural surplus
one of the 2 components, together with social stratification, that enable the formation of cities.
Social stratisfaction
enables formation of cities w/ agricultural surplus. The differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige.
leadership classes
urban elite, consisted of a group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resource and often lives, of others.
first urban revolution
the innovation of the city, which occurred independently in 5 separate hearths.
mesopotamia
the region of great cities (such as UR and Babylon) located between the Tigris and Euphrates River.
Nile River Valley
Chronologically the 2nd urban hearth dating to 3200 BCE
Indus river valley
the 3rd urban hearth dating to 220 BCE
Huang HE & Wei river valleys
the 4th urban hearth of present day China dating to 1500 BCE
mesoamerica
chronologically the 5th urban hearth dating to the 100 BCE. The ancient cities were religious centers.
Peru
the 6th urban hearth
secondary hearth
an early adopter of a cultural practice or trait that becomes a central locale from which the practice or trait further diffuse.
acropolis
“high point of the city” the upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city, usually devoted to religious practices.
agora
the ancient Greece where citizens debated, lectured, judged each other socialized and traded.
site
the internal physical attributes of a place including its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting.
situation
the external locational attributes of a place, its relative location, or regional position with reference to other non local places.
urban morphology
the layout of the city, its physical form, and structure, Example- Romans influenced by Greeks.
functional zonation
reveals how different areas or segments of a city served different purposes or functions within the city. Example- Greek acropolis and agora into a zone for Rome.
forum
the focal point of ancient Roman life combining the functions of the ancient Greek acropolis and Agora.
trade areas
an adjacent region with in which its influence is dominant.
primate city
a country’s leading city, always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. Example Mexico city, Mexico, London, England
Central place theory
predict how and where central places in urban hierarchy would be functionally and spationally distributed.
sun belt phenomenom
the movement of millions of Americans from Northern and Northeastern states to the South and southwest.
functional zonation
the division of the city into certain regions (zones for certain purposes (functions)
zone
a descriptor that conveys the purpose of that area of the city.
central city
the urban area that is not suburban.
suburb
an outlying, functionally uniform part of an area, and is often adjacent to the central city.
suburbanization
the places by which lands that were previously outside of the urban environment become urbanized as people and businesses from the city move to these spaces.
concentric zone model
the structural model of the american city that suggests the existence of 5 concentric land-use rings arranged around a common center.
edge cities
the shifting focus of urbanization in the US away from the central business district toward new loci of economy activity at the urban fringe. example- tysons corner, Virgina and Irine ,California
megacities
when a city has a large population, a vast territorial extent, rapid in -migration and a strained, inadequate infrastructure.
griffin-ford model
developed by Ernest griffin and larry ford, a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American cultural w/ the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene.
shanty towns
unplanned developments of crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and pieces of cardboards that develop around cities.
disamenity sector
the very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords.
McGee model
developed by Mcgee a model that shows similar land use patterns among the medium sized cities of Southeast Asia.
Zoning laws
legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of buildings and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas Example-Portland ,Oregan
relining
North Americans that prevents members of a minority group from getting money to bu houses or property in white neighborhoods.
blockbusting
Realtor who solicit white residents of the neighborhood to sell their homes under the guise that the neighborhood was going downhill because a black person or family moved in.
commercialization
the transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.
gentrification
the rehabilitation of houses in older neighborhoods happened in central city
Teardowns
homes intended for suburban demolition.
McMansions
new mansions that are supersized and have a similar look.
urban sprawl
unrestricted growth of housing, commercial development and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for Urban planning. exampleoston
new urbanism
development, urban revitalization and suburban reforms that are at the walk able neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
gated communities
fenced in neighborhoods w/ controlled access gates for people and cars.
informal economy
the economy that is not taxed and is not counted towards a country’s gross national income example-drug dealing.
world cities
dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy. example-NYC
spaces of consumption
areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods, and services;driven by global media industry.
shintoism/taoism
Shintoism Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.
Taoism popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic
stateless nation
A nationality that is not represented by a state. example kurds, political geography.
secularlism
A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations. Religion unit
universalizing religion
a religion that is becoming popular. example Christianity
nation-state
a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent. example-Japan
