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Ap Human Geography > chapter 2 population/migration > Flashcards

chapter 2 population/migration Flashcards

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1
Q

anti-natalist policies (strategies to lower the CBR)

A

China and One-child policy

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2
Q

pro-natalist policies (strategies to increase CBR)

A

Russia and France

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3
Q

arithmetic density

A

divides the entire population of a country by the total land area.

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4
Q

Physiological density

A

land that’s being used by humans. More effective.

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5
Q

Brain drain

A

The large scale emigration of talented people.

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6
Q

chain migration

A

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

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7
Q

Dependency ratio

A

the number of people who are too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years.

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8
Q

doubling time

A

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

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9
Q

Ecumene

A

Where people live on earth.

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10
Q

Immigration

A

people move into a country or city

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11
Q

emmigration

A

people who leave a country or region.

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12
Q

counter-urbanization

A

people leaving the cities.

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13
Q

J curve

A

increasing exponentially. sometimes shaped as a J.

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14
Q

population trend since 1800s

A

it will rise exponentially.

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15
Q

location and characteristics of high and low life expectencies

A

near coasts, near fresh water, flat terrain, temperate climates, fertile soil.

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16
Q

calculate natural increase rate

A

the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.

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17
Q

Ravenstein’s laws

A
  1. every migration flow generates countermigration. 2.move a shorter distance. 3.choose big cities. 4. Urban residents less likely to migrate. 5, families less likely to move 6.young adults most likely to move
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18
Q

voluntary migration

A

they choose to migrate,

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19
Q

involuntary/forced migration

A

migrants who are forced out of their homes for either political or environmental reasons.

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20
Q

refugees/migrants

A

immigrants are people who move into a country or region, refugee is people who are forced to leave their homeland for such reasons.

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21
Q

common issues faced by migrants

A

adjusting to places

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22
Q

recent trends in migration

A

men usually migrate.

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23
Q

overpopulation/carrying capacity

A

the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

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24
Q

sex ratio

A

the number of males compared to females in population.

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25
Q

step migration

A

gradually migrating towards a destination one step at a time.

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26
Q

Thomas Malthus theory

A

the world’s rate of increase was far outrunning the development of food population.

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27
Q

zero population growth

A

when crude birth rate equals Crude birth rate.

28
Q

replacement rate/level

A

the replacement fertility is roughly 2.1 births per woman.

29
Q

remittances

A

money migrants send home to family and friends.

30
Q

reverse remittances

A

Migrants get money from their family at home.

31
Q

cyclic movement

A

when you’re gone for shorter periods away from home.

32
Q

periodic movement

A

When you’re gone for longer periods away from home.

33
Q

migration

A

a degree of permanence, which means the move may not return home.

34
Q

activity spaces

A

the space within which every activity occurs.

35
Q

nomadism

A

movement among a definite set of place often cyclic movement.

36
Q

migrant labor

A

A common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the US and worldwide to cross international borders in search of employment.

37
Q

transhumanance

A

a system where ranchers move livestock according to the seasonal availability.

38
Q

military service

A

when 10 mill. US citizens including military personnel and their families moved to new locations.

39
Q

international migration

A

Human movement involving movement across international boundaries.

40
Q

immigration

A

When a person migrates into a particular country or area.

41
Q

internal migration

A

migration that occurs within a single counrty’s borders.

42
Q

push factors

A

circumstances that attract migrants to certain locales from other places.

43
Q

pull factors

A

the circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places.

44
Q

population density

A

a measurement of the number of persons per unit land area.

45
Q

arithmetic density

A

the pop. of a country/region expressed as an average per unit area.

46
Q

physiological density

A

the number of people per unit area of farm able/arable land.

47
Q

population distribution

A

descriptions of locations on the earth’s surface where pop. lives.

48
Q

dot map

A

maps where one dot rep. a certain number of a phenomenon such as population.

49
Q

megalopolis

A

refers to such huge urban clusters.

50
Q

census

A

official count of a country’s population.

51
Q

total fertility rate

A

the average number of children born to a woman during the years of her child bearing.

52
Q

aging index

A

the number of people age 65 and older per 100 children ages 0-14

53
Q

doubling time

A

the time required for a population to double in size.

54
Q

population ezplosion

A

the rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century.

55
Q

zero pop. growth

A

when the crude death rate =the crude birth rate pop. maintained constant.

56
Q

natural increase

A

the dif. between the number of births and number of deaths within a particular country.

57
Q

CBR

A

the number of live births per 1000 people.

58
Q

CDR

A

the # of deaths per 1000 people.

59
Q

demographic transition

A

a sequence of changes in which a w country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

60
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

a figure that describes the # of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a population.

61
Q

child mortality rate

A

the # of children that die between 1st and 5th years of their lives.

62
Q

life expecency

A

a figure that indicates how long, on average a person maybe expected to live.

63
Q

chronic or degenerative diseases

A

the sickness you get of old age like heart disease.

64
Q

endemic

A

when it prevails over a small area

65
Q

eugenic pop. policies

A

gov. policies designed to favor one racial sector over others.

66
Q

restrictive pop. policies

A

gov. policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. ex. china

Ap Human Geography (7 decks)

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