Chapter 5: The Sates Of Matter

Question 1

Describe the movement of a substance while in its solid state.

Answer 1

The particles vibrate but they do not move.

Question 2

Describe the movement of substances in their liquid state.

Answer 2

The particles move around but remain close as neighbouring particles.

Question 3

Describe the movement of a substance in its gaseous state.

Answer 3

The particles move around randomly in straight lines.

Question 4

What does the kinetic theory of gases really mean?

Answer 4

1. The Gases are made of small particles in constant random motion; the collisions with the container give the gas pressure.
2. Collisions are perfectly elastic
3. The particle volume is negligible compared to the container volume (particles are far apart)
4. There are no attractive forces.

Question 5

What does a real gas mean?

Answer 5

Collisions are not perfectly elastic.
The volume of the particles is not negligible.
There are attractive forces between the particles.

Question 6

How can a real gas approach an ideal gas behaviour?

Answer 6

1. The gas pressure has to be very low, so as to reduce the number of collisions that are happening.
2. The pressure of the gas is low so the particles are far apart
3. The temperature is high, giving the particles high kinetic energy and overcoming attractive forces.

Question 7

What is the relationship between the volume and the pressure of a gas at constant temperature

Answer 7

They are inversely proportional.

PV = constant

V is directly proportional to 1/p

Question 8

What is the relationship between volume wand temperature given a constant pressure.l

Answer 8

The pressure = constant x T

Question 9

What is the formula for the ideal gas constant?

Answer 9

PV = nRT

Question 10

What is the latent heat of fusion?

Answer 10

It is the energy removed when particles overcome their attractive forces.