Chapter 5: The Brain Flashcards
The earliest phase of brain development starts in the __________ of pregnancy.
third week
The _________ thickens along the dorsal midline axis of the embryo, to form the _________ . This eventually gives rise to all neural tissue.
ectoderm
neural plate
The neural plate then forms a groove flanked by __________ . As the groove deepens, the superior edges of the neural folds fuse, forming the __________ . The neural tube then detaches from the surface ectoderm and assumes a deeper position.
neural folds
neural tube
During the __________ of pregnancy , the neural tube is formed and starts to differentiate into the CNS. The _______ forms anteriorly and the spinal cord develops from the posterior portion of the neural tube.
4th week
brain
Small groups of neural fold cells migrate laterally from between the surface ectoderm and the neural tube to form the tissue called ____________ . gives rise to sensory neurons and some autonomic neurons.
the neural crest
3 primary brain vesicles:
- Prosencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Rhombencephalon
Prosencephalon is also known as:
Forebrain
Rhombencephalon is also known as:
Hindbrain
Mesencephalon is also known as:
Midbrain
Once the neural tube is formed, its anterior begins to expand more rapidly than the remaining portion. Now ______________ are marked off. The remainder of the neural tube becomes the _________ .
3 primary brain vesicles
spinal cord
By week 5, the secondary brain vesicles become apparent. The forebrain has divided into the ____________ and the ____________ .
Telencephalon (endbrain)
Diencephalon (interbrain)
The hindbrain has constricted to form the ____________ and the ______________ and the midbrain remains undivided.
metencephalon (afterbrain)
myelencephalon (spinal brain)
What are the 5 secondary brain vesicles?
Telencephalon (endbrain)
Diencephalon (interbrain)
Metencephalon (afterbrain)
Myelencephalon (spinal brain)
Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
The telencephalon sprouts two swellings which expand to become the cerebral hemispheres called __________ .
cerebrum
The diencephalon specializes to form the ___________ , __________ and __________ .
hypothalamus
thalamus
epithalamus
True or False:
- The mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon become the midbrain, pons and cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
- The midbrain, pons and medulla become the brain stem.
True
The central cavity of the neural tube remains continuous and becomes enlarged in four areas, to form the fluid-filled ________ of the brain.
ventricles
These are the Regions of the Brain. Except:
- Cerebrum
- Pons
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Pons
Pons is one of the three parts of the Brainstem. It should be Thalamus.
____________ - Largest and most superior part of the human brain and is composed of ______________ , together they account for about _____ of total brain mass.
Cerebrum
two cerebral hemispheres
83%
Each hemisphere of cerebrum is consists of the:
a) Cerebral cortex
b) Cerebral white matter
c) Basal nuclei
The cerebral hemispheres are marked by elevated ridges of tissue called ______.
Gyri
The cerebral hemispheres are separated by shallow grooves called ______ . Deeper grooves are called _______ which separate large regions of the brain.
Sulci
fissures
The ______________ separates the cerebral hemispheres. The ____________ separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum.
median longitudinal fissure
transverse fissure
Deep Sulci divide each hemisphere into _______ .
lobes