Chapter 4: Basic Concepts of Neural Integration Flashcards
Neurons function as a group and each group contributes to broader neural functions. The organization of the nervous system is hierarchical. This is called:
Neural Integration
The millions of neurons in the CNS organized, process and integrated incoming information received from other sources and transmit the processed information to other destinations. This called:
Neuronal Pools
Two example of a neural pool:
The discharge Zone
The facilitated Zone
____________ - Neurons most likely to generate impulses because they are closely associated with the incoming fibre.
The discharge Zone
____________ - Neurons not in the discharge zone are usually not excited enough to reach threshold but can be brought to threshold if stimulated by another source.
The facilitated Zone
Pattern of synaptic connections in neuronal pools are called ________ and determine the functional capabilities of each type of pool.
circuits
Four basic types of circuits:
- Diverging
- Converging
- Reverberating
- Parallel after discharge
These circuits can occur along a single pathway or along several pathways. You find these circuits in both sensory and motor systems.
Diverging
__________ - They are opposite to diverging circuits and are common in both sensory and motor pathways. The pool receives inputs from several presynaptic neurons and the circuit as a whole has a funnelling or concentrating effect.
Converging
______________- Incoming signal travels through a chain of neurons, each makes collateral synapse with neurons in the previous part of the pathway.
Reverberating (oscillating)
Often called amplifying circuits , because one incoming fibre triggers responses in ever increasing numbers of neurons, farther and farther along the circuit.
Diverging
Example of rhythmic activities may be involved in control of Reverberating circuits.
sleep-wake cycles
breathing
_____________ - Incoming fibre stimulates several neurons arranged in parallel arrays, that eventually stimulate a common output cell.
Parallel after-discharge circuits
Impulses reach the output cell at different times, creating a burst of impulses called an __________ , that lasts 15 m/s or more, after initial input has ended.
after discharge
True or False:
In Converging circuit there is no positive feedback and once all the neurons have fired, circuit activity ends.
False
Correct:
In Parallel after-discharge circuits there is no positive feedback and once all the neurons have fired, circuit activity ends.
Type of circuits that are involved in complex types of mental processing like performing problem solving.
Parallel after-discharge circuits
_______________ - Processing of inputs, in the various circuits is both serial and parallel
Patterns of Processing
___________ - The input travels along a single pathway to a specific destination. One neuron stimulates the next in the sequence which stimulates the next, etc. and eventually causing a predictable response.
Serial Processing
Reflexes that occur over neural pathways are called:
reflex arcs
What are the five components of reflex?
a. Receptor
b. Sensory neuron
c. CNS integration
d. Motor neuron
e. Effect
____________ - The input travels along several different pathways to be integrated in different CNS regions. Inputs are segregated into many different pathways; information delivered by each pathway is detected by different parts of neural circuitry, at the same time.
Parallel Processing
