Chapter 5 test pgs 158-173 Flashcards
what is the single point of attachment of the shoulder girdle to the axial skeleton
the clavicle attaches medially to the sternum
where are the carpals found, and what type?
they are short bones found in the wrist
what three bones form the hip bone? what two bones form each pectoral girdle
ilium ischium and pubis
in what three ways does the bony pelvis of a woman differ from that of a man?
the female pelvis is broader, lighter, has less acute pubic angle, ,a wider inlet and outlet, and shorter ischial spines
what two bones form the skeleton of the leg?
tibia and fibula
bo’s longitudinal and medial arches have suffered a collapse. What is the name of bo’s condition
flat feet
which bones of the lower limb has an intertrochanteric line and crest and an intercondylar fossa?
femur
what are the funcitons of joints
to connect bones together and allow flexibility in the body
what is the major difference between fibrous joint and cartilaginous joint?
fibrous joints have connective tissue fibers in fibrous joint and cartilage in cartilaginous jionts
where is synovial membrane found and what is its role
they line synovial joint capsules and they provide a source of lubricating fluid for the joint
what two joints of the body are ball-and- socket joints? what is the best examples of a saddle joint
shoulder and hip; carpometacarpal joint of hte thumb is a saddle joint
flexible, lightweight, shallow socket for limb attachment; consists of clavicle and a scapula
pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)
collarbone; a slender, doubly curved bone, attaches to the manubrium of the sternum medially and to the scapula laterally
clavicle
shoudler blades, triangular and are comonly called “wings”
scapulae
enlarged end of the spine of the scapula
acromion
beaklike end of the spine of the scapula
coracoid process
serves as a nerve passageway;
suprascapular notch
shallow socket that receives the head of the arm bone
glenoid cavity
single bone that forms the arm; a typical long bone
humerous
separates two bony projections anterolateral to the head
intertubercular
midpoint of the shaft of the humerous is the deltoid tuberosity; this is where the large, fleshy deltoid muscle of the shoulder attaches
deltoid tuberosity
runs obliquely down posterior aspect of the shaft; marks the course of the radial nerve ( an important nerve of the upper limb)
radial groove
distal end of the humerous; looks like a spool
trochlea
Contrast the general function of the axial skeleton to that of the appendicular skeleton
the axial skeleton makes up the axis of the body and protects the brain and viscera
articulations; sites where two or more bones meet
joints
functional classification for joints:
synarthroses- immovable joints
amphiarthroses -slightly moveable jonts
diarthroses - freely moveable joints
structural classification of joints
fibrous- immovable
cartilaginous- moveable and immoveable
synovial joints - freely moveable
fibrous - bones are united by fibrous tissue (sutures of the skull)
fibrous joint
happens when a bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint cavity
dislocation
process of returning the bone to its proper position
reduction
synovial joint classifications based on shape
plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket
articular surfaces are flat, and only short slipping or gliding movements are allowed; nonaxial movements (gliding does not involve rotation around any axis (intercarpal joints of wrist)
plane joint
cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shapeed surface on another bone (elbow joint)
hing joint
rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring bone; uniaxial (bone can only turn aroound its long axis)
pivot joint
egg-shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another; biaxial (bone travels side to side and back and forth but not around long axis) knuckle joints
condylar joint
articular surface has both convex and concave areas; biaxial; joints in thumb
saddle joint
the spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another; mulitaxial (movement in all axes)l; shoulder and hip
ball-and-socket
joint inflammation
arthur write this
type of arthritis; chronic degenerative condition; cartilage breaks down over the years
osteoarthritis
crunching noise in joints
crepitus
chronic inflammatory disorder; inflammation of synovial membranes
rheumatoid arthritis
disease in which uric acid accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle-shaped crystals in the soft tissues of the joints
gouty arthritis (gout)
bone-thinnning disease
osteoporosis
