Chapter 5 Terms

Question 1

Organized government that provides order and leadership in localized communities such as counties, municipalities, towns, and cities

Answer 1

Local Government

Question 2

Government by elected, representative assembly

Answer 2

Legislative Government

Question 3

A principle that limits government to only those powers granted by law

Answer 3

Limited Government:

Question 4

The first representative assembly in the New World.

Answer 4

House of Burgesses (1619)

Question 5

Years after the Revolution, John Adams concluded that the Revolution began not on the battlefields of Lexington and Concord in 1775 but this year.

Answer 5

1760

Question 6

Parliament passed a series of taxes and trade restrictions on the colonies that produced more resentment than revenue from America.

Answer 6

Stamp Act (1765)

Question 7

A document guaranteeing basic civil liberties to all British subjects.

Answer 7

Petition of Right

Question 8

An act of protest in which business is withheld or refused.

Answer 8

Boycott

Question 9

Gathered in Philadelphia in September with representatives from every colony except Georgia.

Answer 9

First Continental Congress (1774)

Question 10

During this time shots were fired on Lexington green had shattered the uneasy calm–the call for complete independence was inevitable.

Answer 10

Second Continental Congress (1775-89)

Question 11

The formal document, written by Thomas Jefferson, which established the principles of government that justified the colonies’ break with England

Answer 11

Declaration of Independence

Question 12

Wrote the Declaration of Independence.

Answer 12

Thomas Jefferson

Question 13

Known for his famous bold signature on the Declaration of Independence.

Answer 13

John Hancock

Question 14

It was written as well as Christian political thought tracing back to the Puritans and Scottish dissenters.

Answer 14

Age of Enlightenment

Question 15

Theory of government that states that government is formed by the consent of the governed

Answer 15

Social Contract

Question 16

A religious outgrowth of the Enlightenment—regarded God as something of a heavenly clockmaker who had started the world in motion, established natural law, and then had little else to do with the affairs of man.

Answer 16

Deism

Question 17

Supported by states’ rights advocates such as Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson, the Articles formalized the status quo by proposing a central government with characteristics very similar to the pro-visional Second Continental Congress.

Answer 17

Articles of Confederation

Question 18

The year that the Articles of Confederation were sent to the thirteen colonies for their approval.

Answer 18

1777

Question 19

The formal approval process of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty.

Answer 19

Ratification

Question 20

Maryland help out until this year because of a squabble with Virginia over western land claims.

Answer 20

1781

Question 21

A legislature made up of only one house

Answer 21

Unicameral

Question 22

Where George Washington lived as he invited a few men to come.

Answer 22

Mount Vernon (1785)

Question 23

This convention was poorly attended. Only five states sent representatives, amounting to only a dozen delegates, but it provided the setting for a momentous invitation.

Answer 23

Annapolis Convention (1786)

Question 24

Ahead of the delegates lay four months of difficult debates and tough questions. They were, however, leaders equal to the task. At the start they moved rapidly; the first item of business was to choose a president of the convention.

Answer 24

Constitutional Convention (1787)

Question 25

Whose very presence helped ensure the success of their work in the eyes of the people, was unanimously elected to head the convention.

Answer 25

George Washington

Question 26

Father of the Constitution

Answer 26

James Madison

Question 27

A proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch.

Answer 27

Virginia Plan

Question 28

This small-state plan, presented by William Paterson of New Jersey, advocated a unicameral Congress, maintaining the one-state one-vote principle of the Confederation.

Answer 28

New Jersey Plan

Question 29

Proposed making representation in the lower house based on state population, whereas representation in the Senate would be equal for all states regardless of size.

Answer 29

Connecticut (Great) Compromise

Question 30

Under this unusual settlement, slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation in the House, but slave states would also have to pay taxes on them at the same rate.

Answer 30

Three-Fifths Compromise

Question 31

After four months of exhausting work, the delegates gathered to sign the official engrossed copy of the Constitution

Answer 31

September 17, 1787

Question 32

Advocates of the Constitution were called

Answer 32

Federalists

Question 33

Who opposed the new plan of the government.

Answer 33

Anti-Federalists

Question 34

Answered the objections of the Anti-Federalists by carefully explaining and forcefully defending constitutional provisions of power and predicting dire consequences if the Constitution were rejected

Answer 34

The Federalist Papers

Question 35

The year that the world’s first constitutional democracy was instituted

Answer 35

1789