Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards
Organized government that provides order and leadership in localized communities such as counties, municipalities, towns, and cities
Local Government
Government by elected, representative assembly
Legislative Government
A principle that limits government to only those powers granted by law
Limited Government:
The first representative assembly in the New World.
House of Burgesses (1619)
Years after the Revolution, John Adams concluded that the Revolution began not on the battlefields of Lexington and Concord in 1775 but this year.
1760
Parliament passed a series of taxes and trade restrictions on the colonies that produced more resentment than revenue from America.
Stamp Act (1765)
A document guaranteeing basic civil liberties to all British subjects.
Petition of Right
An act of protest in which business is withheld or refused.
Boycott
Gathered in Philadelphia in September with representatives from every colony except Georgia.
First Continental Congress (1774)
During this time shots were fired on Lexington green had shattered the uneasy calm–the call for complete independence was inevitable.
Second Continental Congress (1775-89)
The formal document, written by Thomas Jefferson, which established the principles of government that justified the colonies’ break with England
Declaration of Independence
Wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Jefferson
Known for his famous bold signature on the Declaration of Independence.
John Hancock
It was written as well as Christian political thought tracing back to the Puritans and Scottish dissenters.
Age of Enlightenment
Theory of government that states that government is formed by the consent of the governed
Social Contract
A religious outgrowth of the Enlightenment—regarded God as something of a heavenly clockmaker who had started the world in motion, established natural law, and then had little else to do with the affairs of man.
Deism
Supported by states’ rights advocates such as Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson, the Articles formalized the status quo by proposing a central government with characteristics very similar to the pro-visional Second Continental Congress.
Articles of Confederation
The year that the Articles of Confederation were sent to the thirteen colonies for their approval.
1777
The formal approval process of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty.
Ratification
Maryland help out until this year because of a squabble with Virginia over western land claims.
1781
A legislature made up of only one house
Unicameral
Where George Washington lived as he invited a few men to come.
Mount Vernon (1785)
This convention was poorly attended. Only five states sent representatives, amounting to only a dozen delegates, but it provided the setting for a momentous invitation.
Annapolis Convention (1786)
Ahead of the delegates lay four months of difficult debates and tough questions. They were, however, leaders equal to the task. At the start they moved rapidly; the first item of business was to choose a president of the convention.
Constitutional Convention (1787)
Whose very presence helped ensure the success of their work in the eyes of the people, was unanimously elected to head the convention.
George Washington
Father of the Constitution
James Madison
A proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch.
Virginia Plan
This small-state plan, presented by William Paterson of New Jersey, advocated a unicameral Congress, maintaining the one-state one-vote principle of the Confederation.
New Jersey Plan
Proposed making representation in the lower house based on state population, whereas representation in the Senate would be equal for all states regardless of size.
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
Under this unusual settlement, slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation in the House, but slave states would also have to pay taxes on them at the same rate.
Three-Fifths Compromise
After four months of exhausting work, the delegates gathered to sign the official engrossed copy of the Constitution
September 17, 1787
Advocates of the Constitution were called
Federalists
Who opposed the new plan of the government.
Anti-Federalists
Answered the objections of the Anti-Federalists by carefully explaining and forcefully defending constitutional provisions of power and predicting dire consequences if the Constitution were rejected
The Federalist Papers
The year that the world’s first constitutional democracy was instituted
1789
