Chapter 5 - Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Question 1

list the 4 molecules of life

Answer 1

lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

define monomers

Answer 2

the building block molecules of polymers

Question 3

define polymers

Answer 3

many monomers covalently linked together

Question 4

define dehydration reaction

Answer 4

monomer units are attached together by the loss of a water molecule

Question 5

how are polymers assmbled?

Answer 5

dehydration reactions

Question 6

what enzyme can catalyze dehydration reactions?

Answer 6

hydralase

Question 7

define hydrolosis

Answer 7

a molecule of water is added to break the bond between monomers; the “reverse” of dehydration reactions

Question 8

define homopolymer

Answer 8

polymers whose monomers are all identical

Question 9

define heteropolymer

Answer 9

polymers composed of different monomers

Question 10

list the functions of carbohydrates

Answer 10

storage, transport, building materials, recognition and communication at the cell surface

Question 11

what form do animals store carbohydrates as?

Answer 11

glycogen

Question 12

what form do plants store carbohydrates as?

Answer 12

starch

Question 13

what form do animals transport carbohydrates as?

Answer 13

glucose; in the blood

Question 14

what form do plants transport carbohydrates as?

Answer 14

sucrose

Question 15

what is cellulose used in building?

Answer 15

cell walls in plant cells

Question 16

what is chitin used for?

Answer 16

arthropod skeletons and fungal cell walls

Question 17

how are carbohydrates used in recognition at the cell surface?

Answer 17

membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 18

what is the general formula for a simple sugar?

Answer 18

some multiple of CH20

Question 19

what are the characteristics of simple sugars?

Answer 19

3-7 carbons, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups, isomeric forms

Question 20

define aldose

Answer 20

sugar that possesses an aldehyde group (carbonyl on the end of the carbon chain)

Question 21

define ketose

Answer 21

sugar that possesses a ketone group (carbonyl within the carbon chain)

Question 22

define isomeric forms

Answer 22

arrangement of groups on asymmetric carbon atoms

Question 23

what carbohydrate form predominates in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Answer 23

ring form (not straight chain)