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A-Level Edexcel Chemistry > Chapter 5 - Steven > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Steven Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mole?

A

A large number of particles

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2
Q

How many particles are there in 1 mole?

A

6.02 X 10^23

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3
Q

What is avagadro’s constant?

A

The number of particles in 1 mole

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4
Q

What is the equation for the number of moles?

A

Particles you have / Particles in 1 mole

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5
Q

What is the mass / molar mass equal to?

A

The number of moles

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6
Q

What is the molar mass?

A

The relative molecular mass

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7
Q

What is the unit for the molar mass?

A

g / mol

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8
Q

What are the 2 units that the concentration can be measured in?

A

g/dm^3 and moles/dm^3

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9
Q

What is the equation for concentration?

A

Moles / Volume or mass / volume

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10
Q

What is the volume recorded in?

A

dm^3

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11
Q

What is 1dm^3?

A

1000cm^3

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12
Q

What is the empirical formulae?

A

The simplest ratio of atoms in a compound

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13
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

The actual numbers of each atom in a compound

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14
Q

What is the % composition of an element?

A

Mass of element / Mass of total compound X 100

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15
Q

What do balanced equations have?

A

Equal numbers of each atom on both sides

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16
Q

What do ionic equations show?

A

The reacting particles

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17
Q

How do you write an ionic equation?

A
  • Break up the equation into ions

- Cross out any ions that are on the same side

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18
Q

What does the reaction stoichiometry show you?

A

The molar ratios

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19
Q

What does the state symbol ‘s’ stand for?

A

Solid

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20
Q

What does the state symbol ‘g’ stand for?

A

Gas

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21
Q

What does the state symbol ‘l’ stand for?

A

Liquid

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22
Q

What does the state symbol ‘aq’ stand for?

A

Aqueous

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23
Q

What does aqeous mean?

A

Solution in water

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24
Q

What happens in a displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive element reacts to take the place of a less reactive element

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25
Q

When bases react with acids, what are the products?

A

A salt and water

26
Q

In a precipitation reaction, what is formed?

A

A solid

27
Q

What is the molar gas volume?

A

The space that 1 mole of gas occupies at a certain temperature and pressure.

28
Q

How many dm^3 does 1 mole of gas occupy in room temperature?

A

24dm^3

29
Q

What is the volume / molar gas volume?

A

The number of moles

30
Q

What is the equation of the ideal gas equation?

A

pV = nRT

31
Q

What does the unit ‘p’ stand for?

A

Pressure

32
Q

What is pressure recorded in?

A

Pascals

33
Q

What does V stand for?

A

Volume

34
Q

In the ideal gas equation, what is the volume recorded in?

A

m^3

35
Q

What does n stand for?

A

The number of moles

36
Q

What is the temperature recorded in in the ideal gas equation?

A

Kalvin

37
Q

How to you work out what the temperature in Kelvin?

A

273 + C

38
Q

What does R stand for?

A

The gas constant

39
Q

What is the value of the gas constant?

A

8.31 K/K/mol

40
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Anything that has the potential to cause harm or damage.

41
Q

What is the risk associated with a hazard?

A

The probability of someone being harmed if they are exposed to the hazard.

42
Q

List 4 ways you can reduce the risk of being chemically burned:

A
  • Using a lower concentration of acid
  • Wear gloves
  • Wear a lab coat
  • Use goggles
43
Q

What does a titration show you?

A

Exactly how much of an acid is needed to neutralise an alkali.

44
Q

How do you do a titration?

A
  • Measure some alkali and put it in a flask along with some indicator
  • Fill burette with acid
  • Add the acid to the alkali until you find the end point
  • Work out the amount of acid required to neutralise the alkali
45
Q

In a titration, when do indicators change colour?

A

When the acid has been neutralised

46
Q

What does methyl orange do when the acid has been neutralized?

A

Turns yellow to red

47
Q

What does phenolphthalein do when the acid has been neutralized?

A

Turns from red to colourless

48
Q

Why is it best to put the flask from a titration on a white surface?

A

So you can clearly see the colour change.

49
Q

What is the uncertainty?

A

The amount of error in the measurements you have.

50
Q

What causes uncertainty?

A

The limits to the sensitivity of the equipment you used

51
Q

As there is a mark every 0.1cm^3 for a 50cm^3 buretter, what is the uncertainty?

A

+ or - 0.05cm^3

52
Q

What is the percentage uncertainty?

A

Uncertainty / reading X 100

53
Q

List 2 ways you can reduce uncertainty:

A
  • Use more precise equipment

- Use a larger volume of liquid

54
Q

What are systematic errors caused by?

A

The set-up or equipment you used

55
Q

Give an example of a random error:

A

Estimating between 2 marks

56
Q

Does repeating an experiment help get rid of random errors?

A

Yes

57
Q

Does repeating an experiment help get rid of systematic errors?

A

No

58
Q

How do you calculate total % uncertainty?

A

Add up the % uncertainty of each instrument you used.

59
Q

What is the percentage yield?

A

Actual yield / theoretical yield X 100

60
Q

What is the atom economy?

A

Mr of desired products / Mr of all products X 100

A-Level Edexcel Chemistry (24 decks)

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